Aetiology and risk factors of community‐acquired pneumonia in hospitalized patients in Norway. (6th April 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Røysted, Wenche; Simonsen, Øystein; Jenkins, Andrew; Sarjomaa, Marjut; Svendsen, Martin Veel; Ragnhildstveit, Eivind; Tveten, Yngvar; Kanestrøm, Anita; Waage, Halfrid; Ringstad, Jetmund
• Is Part Of: Clinical respiratory journal. Volume 10:Number 6(2016)
• Page Start: 756
• Page End: 764
• Publication Date: 2015-04-06
• Subjects: bacterial pneumonia -- community‐acquired infections -- Legionella -- Norway -- risk factors; Respiratory organs -- Diseases -- Periodicals; Respiratory organs -- Periodicals; 616.24
• DOI: 10.1111/crj.12283
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1752-6981

Abstract

Abstract: Background and Aims: In Norway, data on the aetiology of community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) in hospitalized patients are limited. The aims of this study were to investigate the bacterial aetiology of CAP in hospitalized patients in Norway, risk factors for CAP and possible differences in risk factors between patients with Legionnaire's disease and pneumonia because of other causes. Methods: Adult patients with radiologically confirmed CAP admitted to hospital were eligible for the study. Routine aerobic and L egionella culture of sputum, blood culture, urinary antigen test for L egionella pneumophila and S treptococcus pneumoniae, polymerase chain reaction detection of C hlamydophila pneumoniae, M ycoplasma pneumoniae and B ordetella pertussis from throat specimens, and serology for L . pneumophila serogroup 1–6 were performed. A questionnaire, which included demographic and clinical data, risk factors and treatment, was completed. Results: We included 374 patients through a 20‐month study period in 2007–2008. The aetiological agent was detected in 37% of cases. S . pneumoniae (20%) was the most prevalent agent, followed by H aemophilus influenzae (6%) and L egionella spp. (6%). Eight L egionella cases were diagnosed by urinary antigen test, of which four also had positive serology. In addition, 13 L egionella cases were diagnosed by serology. The degree of comorbidity was high. An increased risk of hospital‐diagnosed L egionella pneumonia was found among patients with a diagnosis of chronic congestive heart failure. Conclusion: Our results indicate that S . pneumoniae is the most common bacterial cause of pneumonia in hospitalized patients, and the prevalence of L egionella pneumonia is probably higher in Norway than recognized previously.