Muscle and skeletal health in children and adolescents with GH deficiency. Issue 6 (December 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Improda, Nicola; Capalbo, Donatella; Esposito, Andrea; Salerno, Mariacarolina
• Is Part Of: Best practice & research. Volume 30:Issue 6(2016)
• Page Start: 771
• Page End: 783
• Publication Date: 2016-12
• Subjects: growth hormone -- bone mineral density -- peak bone mass -- muscle strength; AMI axial moment of inertia -- AO-GHD adult-onset GHD -- BMC bone mineral content -- BMD bone mineral density -- CO-GHD childhood-onset GHD -- CSA cross-sectional area -- DXA dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry -- GH growth hormone -- GHD GH deficiency -- GHR GH receptor -- GHRT GH replacement therapy -- IGF-1 insulin-like growth factor-1 -- IGF-2 insulin-like growth factor-2 -- IGFBPs IGF binding proteins -- LV left ventricle -- MPHD multiple pituitary hormone deficiency -- MRI magnetic resonance imaging -- OPG osteoprotegerine -- pQTC peripheral quantitative computed tomography -- QMT quantitative muscle testing -- QUS quantitative ultrasound -- RANKL receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand -- rh recombinant human -- SD standard deviation -- SSI stress–strain index -- STAT signal transducer and activator of transcription; Endocrine glands -- Diseases -- Periodicals; Metabolism -- Disorders -- Periodicals; Endocrinology -- Periodicals; Metabolism -- Periodicals; 616.4
• DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2016.11.012
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1521-690X

Abstract

Abstract : In addition to promoting linear growth, GH plays a key role in the regulation of bone and muscle development and metabolism. Although GH deficiency is frequently listed among the causes of secondary osteoporosis in children, its impact on bone and muscle health and on fracture risk is still not completely established. Current data suggest that childhood-onset GH deficiency can affect bone and muscle mass and strength, with GH replacement therapy exerting beneficial effects. Moreover, GH withdrawal at final height can result in reduced peak bone and muscle mass, potentially leading to increased fracture risk in adulthood. Thus, the muscle-bone unit in GH deficient subjects should be monitored during childhood and adolescence in order to prevent osteoporosis and increased fracture risk and GH replacement should be tailored to ensure an optimal bone and muscle health.