A new view of "dream enactment" in REM sleep behavior disorder. (December 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Blumberg, Mark S.; Plumeau, Alan M.
• Is Part Of: Sleep medicine reviews. Volume 30(2016)
• Page Start: 34
• Page End: 42
• Publication Date: 2016-12
• Subjects: Myoclonic twitching -- Development -- Muscle atonia -- REM sleep without atonia -- Rapid eye movements -- Sensorimotor integration -- Corollary discharge -- Motor cortex -- Superior colliculus -- Brainstem; EEG electroencephalogram -- EMG electromyogram -- GABA gamma-aminobutyric acid -- Gi gigantocellular reticular nucleus -- P postnatal day -- PD Parkinson disease -- RBD REM sleep behavior disorder -- REM rapid eye movement -- RN red nucleus -- SLD sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus; Sleep disorders -- Periodicals; Sleep Disorders -- Periodicals; Sommeil, Troubles du -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 616.8498
• DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2015.12.002
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1087-0792

Abstract

Summary: Patients with REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) exhibit increased muscle tone and exaggerated myoclonic twitching during REM sleep. In addition, violent movements of the limbs, and complex behaviors that can sometimes appear to involve the enactment of dreams, are associated with RBD. These behaviors are widely thought to result from a dysfunction involving atonia-producing neural circuitry in the brainstem, thereby unmasking cortically generated dreams. Here we scrutinize the assumptions that led to this interpretation of RBD. In particular, we challenge the assumption that motor cortex produces twitches during REM sleep, thus calling into question the related assumption that motor cortex is primarily responsible for all of the pathological movements of RBD. Moreover, motor cortex is not even necessary to produce complex behavior; for example, stimulation of some brainstem structures can produce defensive and aggressive behaviors in rats and monkeys that are strikingly similar to those reported in human patients with RBD. Accordingly, we suggest an interpretation of RBD that focuses increased attention on the brainstem as a source of the pathological movements and that considers sensory feedback from moving limbs as an important influence on the content of dream mentation.