Amphibian immunity–stress, disease, and climate change. (January 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Rollins-Smith, Louise A.
• Is Part Of: Developmental and comparative immunology. Volume 66(2017)
• Page Start: 111
• Page End: 119
• Publication Date: 2017-01
• Subjects: Amphibian -- Batrachochytrium -- Chytrid -- Corticosterone -- HPI axis -- Ranavirus -- Stress; ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone -- AMP antimicrobial peptide -- CRF corticotropin-releasing factor -- HPI axis hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis -- Bd Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis -- Bsal Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans -- MALDI-TOF matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization time-of-flight; Immunology -- Periodicals; Developmental immunology -- Periodicals; 616.079
• DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.07.002
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0145-305X

Abstract

Abstract: Like all other vertebrate groups, amphibian responses to the environment are mediated through the brain (hypothalamic)-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal (HPA/I) axis and the sympathetic nervous system. Amphibians are facing historically unprecedented environmental stress due to climate change that will involve unpredictable temperature and rainfall regimes and possible nutritional deficits due to extremes of temperature and drought. At the same time, amphibians in all parts of the world are experiencing unprecedented declines due to the emerging diseases, chytridiomycosis (caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans ) and ranavirus diseases due to viruses of the genus Ranavirus in the family Iridoviridae. Other pathogens and parasites also afflict amphibians, but here I will limit myself to a review of recent literature linking stress and these emerging diseases (chytridiomycosis and ranavirus disease) in order to better predict how environmental stressors and disease will affect global amphibian populations. Highlights: Here, I review literature linking stress, the HPI axis, and emerging diseases. Amphibian responses to the environment are mediated through the HPI axis. Amphibians face declines due to chytridiomycosis and ranavirus disease. Environmental stress and disease may interact to compromise survival. Stress due to climate change will impact the immune system in unpredictable ways.