Glycosylation and stem cells: Regulatory roles and application of iPSCs in the study of glycosylation‐related disorders. (26th September 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Berger, Ryan P.; Dookwah, Michelle; Steet, Richard; Dalton, Stephen
• Is Part Of: BioEssays. Volume 38:Number 12(2016:Dec.)
• Page Start: 1255
• Page End: 1265
• Publication Date: 2016-09-26
• Subjects: congenital disorders of glycosylation -- glycosylation -- pluripotent stem cells; Molecular biology -- Periodicals; Cytology -- Periodicals; Developmental biology -- Periodicals; 572.8
• DOI: 10.1002/bies.201600138
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0265-9247

Abstract

Abstract : Glycosylation refers to the co‐ and post‐translational modification of protein and lipids by monosaccharides or oligosaccharide chains. The surface of mammalian cells is decorated by a heterogeneous and highly complex array of protein and lipid linked glycan structures that vary significantly between different cell types, raising questions about their roles in development and disease pathogenesis. This review will begin by focusing on recent findings that define roles for cell surface protein and lipid glycosylation in pluripotent stem cells and their functional impact during normal development. Then, we will describe how patient derived induced pluripotent stem cells are being used to model human diseases such as congenital disorders of glycosylation. Collectively, these studies indicate that cell surface glycans perform critical roles in human development and disease. Abstract : Glycan structures serve as signatures for stem cell identity and play important roles in regulating differentiation toward specific lineages. The use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and iPSC‐derived cell lines from patients with glycosylation disorders provide valuable new cell models to study disease pathogenesis and test potential therapies.