Illusory inferences with quantifiers. (2nd January 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Mascarenhas, Salvador; Koralus, Philipp
• Is Part Of: Thinking & reasoning. Volume 23:Number 1(2017)
• Page Start: 33
• Page End: 48
• Publication Date: 2017-01-02
• Subjects: Reasoning -- quantifiers -- syllogisms -- mental models -- questions; Thought and thinking -- Periodicals; Reasoning (Psychology) -- Periodicals; 153.43
• DOI: 10.1080/13546783.2016.1167125
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1354-6783

Abstract

ABSTRACT: The psychological study of reasoning with quantifiers has predominantly focused on inference patterns studied by Aristotle about two millennia ago. Modern logic has shown a wealth of inference patterns involving quantifiers that are far beyond the expressive power of Aristotelian syllogisms, and whose psychology should be explored. We bring to light a novel class of fallacious inference patterns, some of which are so attractive that they are tantamount to cognitive illusions. In tandem with recent insights from linguistics that quantifiers like "some" are treated as wh -questions, these illusory inferences are predicted by the erotetic theory of reasoning, which postulates that a process akin to question asking and answering is behind human inference making.