A clinical decision rule and D-dimer testing to rule out upper extremity deep vein thrombosis in high-risk patients. Issue 148 (December 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: van Es, Nick; Bleker, Suzanne M; Di Nisio, Marcello; Kleinjan, Ankie; Beyer-Westendorf, Jan; Camporese, Giuseppe; Kamphuisen, Pieter W; Büller, Harry R; Bossuyt, Patrick M
• Is Part Of: Thrombosis research. Issue 148(2016)
• Page Start: 59
• Page End: 62
• Publication Date: 2016-12
• Subjects: Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis -- Diagnosis -- Clinical decision rule -- D-dimer -- Venous thromboembolism; Thrombosis -- Periodicals; 616.135
• DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2016.10.019
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0049-3848

Abstract

Abstract: Introduction: In a management study, a diagnostic algorithm consisting of a clinical decision rule, D-dimer, and ultrasonography was shown to safely exclude upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT). Efficiency may be lower in high-risk subgroups: those with a central venous catheter or pacemaker, inpatients, cancer, and elderly patients. Methods: Data of 406 patients with suspected UEDVT enrolled in a prospective management study were used for the present analysis. The aim was to evaluate the efficiency of the algorithm in subgroups, defined as the proportion of patients in whom imaging could be safely withheld based on the combination of a decision rule result indicating "UEDVT unlikely" and a normal D-dimer result. Results: The strategy excluded UEDVT in 87 of 406 patients (21%); ultrasonography was withheld in these patients and none developed UEDVT during 3 months of follow-up. In contrast, ultrasonography could be withheld in only 4 of 92 patients with a catheter or pacemaker (4.3%; 95% CI: 1.7% to 11%) and in 4 of 83 inpatients (4.8%; 95% CI: 1.9% to 12%). The efficiency was 11% in patients with cancer and 13% in those older than 75 years. Conclusion: Although the combination of a decision rule and D-dimer testing is safe in excluding UEDVT in the overall population of patients with suspected UEDVT, its efficiency appears limited in some subgroups, in particular those with a central venous catheter or pacemaker, and inpatients.