Cold Sintering Process: A Novel Technique for Low‐Temperature Ceramic Processing of Ferroelectrics. Issue 11 (13th October 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Guo, Hanzheng; Baker, Amanda; Guo, Jing; Randall, Clive A.
• Editors: Johnson, D.
• Is Part Of: Journal of the American Ceramic Society. Volume 99:Issue 11(2016)
• Page Start: 3489
• Page End: 3507
• Publication Date: 2016-10-13
• Subjects: Ceramics -- Periodicals; 620.1405
• DOI: 10.1111/jace.14554
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0002-7820

Abstract

Abstract : Research on sintering of dense ceramic materials has been very active in the past decades and still keeps gaining in popularity. Although a number of new techniques have been developed, the sintering process is still performed at high temperatures. Very recently we established a novel protocol, the "Cold Sintering Process (CSP)", to achieve dense ceramic solids at extraordinarily low temperatures of <300°C. A wide variety of chemistries and composites were successfully densified using this technique. In this article, a comprehensive CSP tutorial will be delivered by employing three classic ferroelectric materials (KH2 PO4, NaNO2, and BaTiO3 ) as examples. Together with detailed experimental demonstrations, fundamental mechanisms, as well as the underlying physics from a thermodynamics perspective, are collaboratively outlined. Such an impactful technique opens up a new way for cost‐effective and energy‐saving ceramic processing. We hope that this article will provide a promising route to guide future studies on ultralow temperature ceramic sintering or ceramic materials related integration.