Fabrication and characterization of 3D complex hydroxyapatite scaffolds with hierarchical porosity of different features for optimal bioactive performance. Issue 1 (January 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Chen, Zhichao; Zhang, Xianglin; Yang, Yang; Zhou, Kui; Wragg, Nicholas; Liu, Yang; Lewis, Mark; Liu, Changqing
• Is Part Of: Ceramics international. Volume 43:Issue 1(2017)Part A
• Page Start: 336
• Page End: 344
• Publication Date: 2017-01
• Subjects: Hydroxyapatite scaffold -- Hierarchical porosity -- Porosity feature -- Biological performance -- Bone tissue engineering; Ceramics -- Periodicals; Céramique industrielle -- Périodiques; Ceramics; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 666
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.09.160
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0272-8842

Abstract

Abstract: To improve the biological performance of hydroxyapatite scaffolds in bone tissue engineering, graphite was used as porogen to create additional micro/nanoporosity to macroporosity, resulting in hierarchical porosity. For maximum imitation of natural bone structures, scaffolds with different porosity features were fabricated using micron/nano-sized graphite. The sintering profile of graphite treated scaffolds was optimised to reduce the influence of shrinkage. To confirm the porosity features, the micro/nanostructures of scaffolds were characterised by scanning electron microscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method. Considering that hydroxyapatite is resistant to biodegradation in vivo, the degradation rate of scaffolds in modified simulated body fluid was examined. Furthermore, biological evaluations based on myoblasts were carried out to investigate the influence of porosity features on the essential performance such as adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. The results indicate that the scaffolds with dominant microporosity and little nanoporosity formed inside had high potential for clinical applications due to improved performance in bioactivity.