Plant polyphenols as natural drugs for the management of Down syndrome and related disorders. (December 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Vacca, Rosa Anna; Valenti, Daniela; Caccamese, Salvatore; Daglia, Maria; Braidy, Nady; Nabavi, Seyed Mohammad
• Is Part Of: Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. Volume 71(2016)
• Page Start: 865
• Page End: 877
• Publication Date: 2016-12
• Subjects: AD Alzheimer's disease -- AMPK AMP activated protein kinase -- Aβ beta-amyloid -- CRM curcumin -- DS down syndrome -- DSCR1 down syndrome critical region 1 -- DYRK1A dual-specificity tyrosine (Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A -- EGCG epigallocatechin 3-gallate -- MeHT homovanillyl alcohol -- MAO monoamine oxidase -- HT hydroxytyrosol -- ID intellectual disability -- TFAM mitochondrial transcription factor A -- PGC-1α peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha -- PKA protein kinase A -- QRC quercetin -- ROS reactive oxygen species -- RSV resveratrol -- RTT rett syndrome -- Sirt1 sirtuin-1 -- SOD1 superoxide dismutase 1 -- TBI traumatic brain injury; Polyphenols -- EGCG -- Resveratrol -- Hydroxytyrosol -- Down syndrome -- Mitochondria -- Neuroprotection -- Oxidative stress -- Intellectual disability -- Neurodevelopment diseases; Psychophysiology -- Periodicals; Human behavior -- Periodicals; Animal behavior -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Behavior -- Periodicals; Ethology -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Psychophysiologie -- Périodiques; Comportement humain -- Périodiques; Animaux -- Mœurs et comportement -- Périodiques; Neurologie -- Périodiques; Animal behavior; Human behavior; Neurology; Psychophysiology; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 573.8
• DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.10.023
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0149-7634

Abstract

Highlights: Mitochondrial dysfunctions and oxidative stress are hallmarks in DS and in ID-related diseases. Polyphenols improve signalling pathways impaired in DS. Polyphenols target mitochondria and reduce oxidative stress. Polyphenols can suppress neuroinflammation and enhance memory and cognitive behaviour. Dietary polyphenols may be a therapeutic supplementation for DS handling. Abstract: Polyphenols are secondary metabolites of plants largely found in fruits, vegetables, cereals and beverages, and therefore represent important constituents of the human diet. Increasing studies have demonstrated the potential beneficial effects of polyphenols on human health. Extensive reviews have discussed the protective effects of polyphenols against a series of diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. Limited studies have investigated the potential therapeutic effects of these natural compounds on neurodevelopmental disorders associated with intellectual disability, such as Down syndrome (DS), for which mitochondrial dysfunctions and oxidative stress are hallmarks and contribute to the deleterious symptoms and cognitive decline. This review, starting from the structure, source, bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of relevant polyphenols, highlights recent studies on the effect and potential molecular mechanism(s) of action of the phenolic compounds epigallocatechin-3-gallate, resveratrol and hydroxytyrosol in restoring mitochondrial energy deficit and in reversing phenotypical alteration in DS. The clinical implications of plant polyphenol dietary supplements as therapeutic tools in managing DS and other intellectual disability-related diseases, is also discussed.