Testing models of ice cap extent, South Georgia, sub-Antarctic. (15th December 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Barlow, N.L.M.; Bentley, M.J.; Spada, G.; Evans, D.J.A.; Hansom, J.D.; Brader, M.D.; White, D.A.; Zander, A.; Berg, S.
• Is Part Of: Quaternary science reviews. Volume 154(2016)
• Page Start: 157
• Page End: 168
• Publication Date: 2016-12-15
• Subjects: Last Glacial Maximum -- Glacial isostatic adjustment -- Sea-level change -- South Georgia -- sub-Antarctic -- Coastal geomorphology; Geology, Stratigraphic -- Quaternary -- Periodicals; Stratigraphie -- Quaternaire -- Périodiques; 551.79
• DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.11.007
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0277-3791

Abstract

Abstract: The extent of Last Glacial Maximum ice in South Georgia is contested, with two alternative hypotheses: an extensive (maximum) model of ice reaching the edge of the continental shelf, or a restricted (minimum) model with ice constrained within the inner fjords. We present a new relative sea-level dataset for South Georgia, summarising published and new geomorphological evidence for the marine limit and elevations of former sea levels on the island. Using a glacial isostatic adjustment model (ALMA) specifically suited to regional modelling and working at high spatial resolutions, combined with a series of simulated ice-load histories, we use the relative sea-level data to test between the restricted and extensive ice extent scenarios. The model results suggest that there was most likely an extensive Last Glacial Maximum glaciation of South Georgia, implying that the island was covered by thick (>1000 m) ice, probably to the edge of the continental shelf, with deglaciation occurring relatively early (ca. 15 ka BP, though independent data suggest this may have been as early as 18 ka). The presence of an extensive ice cap extending to the shelf edge would imply that if there were any biological refugia around South Georgia, they must have been relatively localised and restricted to the outermost shelf. Abstract : A new relative sea-level database for South Georgia is presented. Glacial isostatic adjustment model (ALMA) used to predict post-LGM relative sea level. Test between extensive (shelf edge) and restricted (island only) LGM ice models. Results suggest extensive, thick (>1000 m) ice that deglaciates ∼15 ka yr BP. Results implies biological refugia limited to shelf edge and gives rates of present day GIA.