Ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) enzyme is overexpressed in prostate cancer, and its levels are associated with patient's metabolic status: Potential value as a non-invasive biomarker. Issue 1 (1st December 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Hormaechea-Agulla, Daniel; Gómez-Gómez, Enrique; Ibáñez-Costa, Alejandro; Carrasco-Valiente, Julia; Rivero-Cortés, Esther; L-López, Fernando; Pedraza-Arevalo, Sergio; Valero-Rosa, José; Sánchez-Sánchez, Rafael; Ortega-Salas, Rosa; Moreno, María M.; Gahete, Manuel D.; López-Miranda, José; Requena, María J.; Castaño, Justo P.; Luque, Raúl M.
• Is Part Of: Cancer letters. Volume 383:Issue 1(2016)
• Page Start: 125
• Page End: 134
• Publication Date: 2016-12-01
• Subjects: GOAT-enzyme -- Ghrelin -- Prostate cancer -- Biomarker -- Diagnosis -- Diabetes; Cancer -- Periodicals; Neoplasms -- Periodicals; Cancer -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 616.994
• DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.09.022
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0304-3835

Abstract

Abstract: Ghrelin-O-acyltransferase (GOAT) is the key enzyme regulating ghrelin activity, and has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target for obesity/diabetes and as a biomarker in some endocrine-related cancers. However, GOAT presence and putative role in prostate-cancer (PCa) is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, that GOAT is overexpressed (mRNA/protein-level) in prostatic tissues (n = 52) and plasma/urine-samples (n = 85) of PCa-patients, compared with matched controls [healthy prostate tissues (n = 12) and plasma/urine-samples from BMI-matched controls (n = 28), respectively]. Interestingly, GOAT levels in PCa-patients correlated with aggressiveness and metabolic conditions (i.e. diabetes). Actually, GOAT expression was regulated by metabolic inputs (i.e. In1-ghrelin, insulin/IGF-I) in cultured normal prostate cells and PCa-cell lines. Importantly, ROC-curve analysis unveiled a valuable diagnostic potential for GOAT to discriminate PCa at the tissue/plasma/urine-level with high sensitivity/specificity, particularly in non-diabetic individuals. Moreover, we discovered that GOAT is secreted by PCa-cells, and that its levels are higher in urine samples from a stimulated post-massage vs. pre-massage prostate-test. In conclusion, plasmatic GOAT levels exhibit high specificity/sensitivity to predict PCa-presence compared with other PCa-biomarkers, especially in non-diabetic individuals, suggesting that GOAT holds potential as a novel non-invasive PCa-biomarker. Highlights: GOAT-enzyme is overexpressed in prostate cancer (PCa) vs. normal prostate tissues. Plasma and urine levels of GOAT-enzyme are elevated in patients with prostate cancer. GOAT-enzyme is secreted by prostate cancer cells. GOAT levels correlated with aggressiveness and metabolic conditions in PCa-patients. GOAT-enzyme might be a promising non-invasive diagnosis biomarker in PCa.