The role of dinucleoside polyphosphates on the ocular surface and other eye structures. (November 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Carracedo, Gonzalo; Crooke, Almudena; Guzman-Aranguez, Ana; Pérez de Lara, Maria J.; Martin-Gil, Alba; Pintor, Jesús
• Is Part Of: Progress in retinal and eye research. Volume 55(2016:Nov.)
• Page Start: 182
• Page End: 205
• Publication Date: 2016-11
• Subjects: Dinucleotides -- Purinergic receptors -- Diadenosine tetraphosphate -- Diquafosol; Retina -- Periodicals; Retina -- Research -- Methodology -- Periodicals; Eye -- Diseases -- Periodicals; Eye -- Periodicals; Eye Diseases -- Periodicals; Retina -- Periodicals; Rétine -- Périodiques; Rétine -- Recherche -- Méthodologie -- Périodiques; 617.7005
• DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2016.07.001
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1350-9462

Abstract

Abstract: Dinucleoside polyphosphates comprises a group of dinucleotides formed by two nucleosides linked by a variable number of phosphates, abbreviated NpnN (where n represents the number of phosphates). These compounds are naturally occurring substances present in tears, aqueous humour and in the retina. As the consequence of their presence, these dinucleotides contribute to many ocular physiological processes. On the ocular surface, dinucleoside polyphosphates can stimulate tear secretion, mucin release from goblet cells and they help epithelial wound healing by accelerating cell migration rate. These dinucleotides can also stimulate the presence of proteins known to protect the ocular surface against microorganisms, such as lysozyme and lactoferrin. One of the latest discoveries is the ability of some dinucleotides to facilitate the paracellular way on the cornea, therefore allowing the delivery of compounds, such as antiglaucomatous ones, more easily within the eye. The compound Ap4 A has been described being abnormally elevated in patient's tears suffering of dry eye, Sjogren syndrome, congenital aniridia, or after refractive surgery, suggesting this molecule as biomarker for dry eye condition. At the intraocular level, some diadenosine polyphosphates are abnormally elevated in glaucoma patients, and this can be related to the stimulation of a P2Y2 receptor that increases the chloride efflux and water movement in the ciliary epithelium. In the retina, the dinucleotide dCp4 U, has been proven to be useful to help in the recovery of retinal detachments. Altogether, dinucleoside polyphosphates are a group of compounds which present relevant physiological actions but which also can perform promising therapeutic benefits. Highlights: Dinucleoside polyphosphates are natural substances present in the eye. These dinucleotides regulate tear secretion, wound healing and corneal permeability. The dinucleotide Ap4 A is a marker of dry eye in many pathological conditions. Dinucleoside polyphosphates modulate intraocular pressure by acting on P2 receptors. Dinucleotides can be used as therapeutic agents to treat several ocular pathologies.