Changes in hunger and fullness in relation to gut peptides before and after 8 weeks of alternate day fasting. Issue 6 (December 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Hoddy, Kristin K.; Gibbons, Catherine; Kroeger, Cynthia M.; Trepanowski, John F.; Barnosky, Adrienne; Bhutani, Surabhi; Gabel, Kelsey; Finlayson, Graham; Varady, Krista A.
• Is Part Of: Clinical nutrition. Volume 35:Issue 6(2016:Dec.)
• Page Start: 1380
• Page End: 1385
• Publication Date: 2016-12
• Subjects: Alternate day fasting -- Calorie restriction -- Hunger -- Fullness -- Gut peptides -- Obese adults; Critically ill -- Nutrition -- Periodicals; Diet therapy -- Periodicals; Parenteral feeding -- Periodicals; Enteral feeding -- Periodicals; Enteral Nutrition -- Periodicals; Parenteral Nutrition -- Periodicals; Metabolism -- Periodicals; Diétothérapie -- Périodiques; Alimentation parentérale -- Périodiques; Alimentation entérale -- Périodiques; Nutrition -- Périodiques; Diet therapy; Enteral feeding; Nutrition; Parenteral feeding; Electronic journals; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 615.854
• DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.03.011
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0261-5614

Abstract

Summary: Background & aims: Alternate day fasting (ADF; 25% energy intake "fast day", alternated with an ad libitum intake "feed day") is effective for weight loss. Whether or not ADF modulates hunger, fullness and gut peptides in a way that enhances dietary compliance and weight loss, remains unknown. Accordingly, this study examined the effect of ADF on postprandial appetite ratings and gut peptides. Methods: Obese subjects (n = 59) participated in an 8-week ADF protocol where food was provided on the fast day. Results: Body weight decreased (P < 0.0001) by 3.9 ± 0.6 kg after 8 weeks of diet. Reductions (P < 0.05) in fat mass (−2.2 ± 0.2 kg), fat free mass (−1.4 ± 0.2 kg), visceral fat mass (−0.1 ± 0.1 kg), and resting metabolic rate (RMR; −104 ± 28 kcal/day) were also observed. Fasting leptin and insulin decreased (P < 0.05), while AUC ghrelin levels increased (P < 0.05). Despite these metabolic changes, there was no increase in subjective hunger by the end of the study. Furthermore, fullness and PYY increased (P < 0.05). Fat free mass and RMR were not related to hunger or ghrelin at any time point. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the absence of a compensatory increase in hunger in conjunction with an increase in sensations of fullness may contribute to the weight loss efficacy of an 8-week ADF regimen.