A proposal on the study of solar‐terrestrial coupling processes with atmospheric radars and ground‐based observation network. Issue 9 (16th September 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Tsuda, Toshitaka; Yamamoto, Mamoru; Hashiguchi, Hiroyuki; Shiokawa, Kazuo; Ogawa, Yasunobu; Nozawa, Satonori; Miyaoka, Hiroshi; Yoshikawa, Akimasa
• Is Part Of: Radio science. Volume 51:Issue 9(2016:Sep.)
• Page Start: 1587
• Page End: 1599
• Publication Date: 2016-09-16
• Subjects: solar radiation -- solar wind -- the Equatorial Middle and Upper atmosphere (EMU) radar -- the EISCAT_3D radar -- global observation network; Radio meteorology -- Periodicals; Radio wave propagation -- Periodicals; 621.38405
• DOI: 10.1002/2016RS006035
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0048-6604

Abstract

Abstract: The solar energy can mainly be divided into two categories: the solar radiation and the solar wind. The former maximizes at the equator, generating various disturbances over a wide height range and causing vertical coupling processes of the atmosphere between the troposphere and middle and upper atmospheres by upward propagating atmospheric waves. The energy and material flows that occur in all height regions of the equatorial atmosphere are named as "Equatorial Fountain." These processes from the bottom also cause various space weather effects, such as satellite communication and Global Navigation Satellite System positioning. While, the electromagnetic energy and high‐energy plasma particles in the solar wind converge into the polar region through geomagnetic fields. These energy/particle inflow results in auroral Joule heating and ion drag of the atmosphere particularly during geomagnetic storms and substorms. The ion outflow from the polar ionosphere controls ambient plasma constituents in the magnetosphere and may cause long‐term variation of the atmosphere. We propose to clarify these overall coupling processes in the solar‐terrestrial system from the bottom and from above through high‐resolution observations at key latitudes in the equator and in the polar region. We will establish a large radar with active phased array antenna, called the Equatorial Middle and Upper atmosphere radar, in west Sumatra, Indonesia. We will participate in construction of the EISCAT_3D radar in northern Scandinavia. These radars will enhance the existing international radar network. We will also develop a global observation network of compact radio and optical remote sensing equipment from the equator to polar region. Key Points: Project to study coupling process, focusing on the energy inputs by solar radiation/solar wind, and response of the Earth's atmosphere Establish Equatorial Middle and Upper atmosphere (EMU) radar in Indonesia and EISCAT_3D radar in northern Scandinavia Develop global observation network of radio and optical remote sensing equipment from equator to polar regions