Holocene sediment dynamics in the environs of the fortification enclosure of Corneşti-Iarcuri in the Romanian Banat. (10th September 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Nykamp, Moritz; Hoelzmann, Philipp; Heeb, Bernhard S.; Szentmiklosi, Alexandru; Schütt, Brigitta
• Is Part Of: Quaternary international. Volume 415(2016)
• Page Start: 190
• Page End: 203
• Publication Date: 2016-09-10
• Subjects: Landscape evolution -- Loess derived soils -- Alluvial fan formation -- Human–environmental interactions -- Landscape archaeology -- Late Bronze Age; Geology, Stratigraphic -- Quaternary -- Periodicals; Stratigraphie -- Quaternaire -- Périodiques; 551.79
• DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2015.11.118
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1040-6182

Abstract

Abstract: The presented study combines data from geomorphological, geochemical, sedimentological, chronometric, and archaeological records providing first insights into the Holocene landscape development in the environs of the Late Bronze Age fortification enclosure Corneşti-Iarcuri. This large-scale archaeological site is located in a loess-covered, undulating landscape at the eastern edge of the Great Hungarian Plain, in western Romania. Sediment archives from geomorphologically different locations, closely related to the Copper Age to Late Bronze Age settlements, are presented. Mainly stable geomorphic conditions throughout the Holocene occurred on the high plains of the Vinga Plain as indicated by chemical alteration of the loss deposits and soil formation processes exceeding 2 m. In contrast, two cores from an alluvial fan of a minor drainage system in direct vicinity of the archaeological site document varying morphodynamics throughout the Holocene. Phases of geomorphic activity and stability are indicated by the formation of fan deposits and paleosols developed in these sediments. 14 C dates from charcoal extracted from the fan sediments show maximum deposition ages between c. 4400 cal. BP and c. 2900 cal. BP. Thus, the formation of the charcoal coincides with the Copper Age to Late Bronze Age development of the settlement sites. Daub pieces, incorporated into these reworked soil sediments, provide evidence for human activities in the catchment. This, in turn, may indicate that the erosion processes that led to the fan formation are linked to those activities. However, reworking and redeposition of the charcoal and daub bearing sediments due to retrogressive erosion during the last millennia cannot be excluded.