Evaluation of a reduced nicotine product standard: Moderating effects of and impact on cannabis use. (1st October 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Pacek, Lauren R.; Vandrey, Ryan; Dermody, Sarah S.; Denlinger-Apte, Rachel L.; Lemieux, Andrine; Tidey, Jennifer W.; McClernon, F. Joseph; Bangdiwala, Ananta S.; Drobes, David J.; al'Absi, Mustafa; Strasser, Andrew A.; Koopmeiners, Joseph S.; Hatsukami, Dorothy K.; Donny, Eric C.
• Is Part Of: Drug and alcohol dependence. Volume 167(2016)
• Page Start: 228
• Page End: 232
• Publication Date: 2016-10-01
• Subjects: Nicotine -- Cigarette -- Smoking -- Cannabis -- Marijuana -- Co-use -- Comorbidity; Drug abuse -- Periodicals; Alcoholism -- Periodicals; 616.86
• DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.08.620
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0376-8716

Abstract

Highlights: Cannabis users and non-users differed on demographic and smoking characteristics. Cannabis use did not moderate most effects of very low nicotine content cigarettes. Very low nicotine content cigarette use did not significantly impact cannabis use. Abstract: Introduction: The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act authorized the FDA to reduce the nicotine content in cigarettes. Research is needed to guide proposed regulations, including evaluation of consequences to public health. This study evaluated how a reduced nicotine product standard might be moderated by and impact cannabis use. Methods: Secondary analysis of a controlled clinical trial examining the effects of nicotine content in cigarettes in adult daily smokers. Linear regression assessed whether baseline cannabis use moderated behavioral, subjective, or physiological effects of smoking very low nicotine content (VLNC) versus normal nicotine content (NNC) cigarettes. Repeated measures analysis of associations between nicotine condition and prevalence and frequency of cannabis use was completed using generalized estimating equations (GEE). Results: Cannabis use did not moderate most of the following effects of VLNC cigarettes: Among cannabis users and non-users, smokers randomized to VLNC cigarettes reported lower nicotine dependence, cigarettes per day, biomarkers of nicotine exposure, and craving compared to smokers randomized to NNC cigarettes. Non-cannabis using smokers randomized to VLNC cigarettes also reported lower smoking dependence motives and had lower tobacco-specific nitrosamine exposure and total puff volume versus smokers randomized to NNC cigarettes. For cannabis users, smokers randomized to VLNC cigarettes reported decreased positive affect. VLNC cigarette use did not impact the prevalence or frequency of cannabis use. Discussion: Findings provide evidence that nicotine reduction in cigarettes could have beneficial effects on cigarette smoking regardless of cannabis use. Results suggest that transitioning to VLNC cigarettes is unlikely to alter current rates of cannabis use.