Street smart: faster approach towards litter in urban areas by highly neophobic corvids and less fearful birds. (July 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Greggor, Alison L.; Clayton, Nicola S.; Fulford, Antony J.C.; Thornton, Alex
• Is Part Of: Animal behaviour. Volume 117(2016)
• Page Start: 123
• Page End: 133
• Publication Date: 2016-07
• Subjects: categorization -- Corvidae -- litter -- object neophobia -- urban gradient; Animal behavior -- Periodicals; 591.5
• DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.03.029
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0003-3472

Abstract

Abstract : The extent to which animals respond fearfully to novel stimuli may critically influence their ability to survive alongside humans. However, it is unclear whether the fear of novel objects, object neophobia, consistently varies in response to human disturbance. Where variation has been documented, it is unclear whether this variation is due to a change in fear towards specific novel stimuli, or whether it is symptomatic of a general change in fear behaviour. We measured levels of object neophobia in free-flying birds across urban and rural habitats, comparing corvids, a family known for being behaviourally flexible and innovative, with other urban-adapting bird species. Neophobic responses were measured in the presence of different types of objects that varied in their novelty, and were compared to behaviour during a baited control. Corvids were more neophobic than noncorvid species towards all object types, but their hesitancy abated after conspecifics approached in experimental conditions in which objects resembled items they may have experienced previously. Both sets of species were faster to approach objects made from human litter in urban than rural areas, potentially reflecting a category-specific reduction in fear based on experience. These results highlight species similarities in behavioural responses to human-dominated environments despite large differences in baseline neophobia. Highlights: Corvids demonstrate higher object neophobia than other species. Corvids and other species are less fearful of litter in urban than rural areas. Urban and rural populations do not differ in general object neophobia. Adjusting to urban areas may cause specific, rather than general reductions in fear.