Toxic effects of cisplatin cytostatic drug in mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. (August 2016) - Trombini, Chiara
Abstract: Antineoplastic drugs used in chemotherapy were detected in aquatic environment: despite the very low concentrations (ng L −1 to ug L −1 ), due to their potent mechanism of action they could have adverse effects on non-target aquatic organisms particularly under chronic exposure. Cisplatin (CDDP) is one of the most effective anticancer drug currently in use but information on its ecotoxicological effects is very limited. In this study, Mytilus galloprovincialis was used to investigate the toxic effects related to CDDP exposure. Mussels were exposed to cisplatin (100 ng L −1 ) for 14 days: antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, catalase, total and selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase) and phase II (glutathione-S-transferase) enzymes activities, oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation), genotoxicity (DNA damage) and neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase) was evaluated. Results indicate that CDDP at tested concentration induce changes in the antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress in target organs (digestive gland and gills) as well as DNA damage in mussel hemocytes and neurotoxicity representing a risk for non-target organisms. Graphical abstract: Highlights: CDDP effects were assessed in marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis . Exposure to CDDP (worst case scenario) imbalanced the activity of defense enzymes in gills and digestive gland. Neurotoxicity, oxidative and DNA damage were noticed. Integrative biomarker response is an useful tool for assessing CDDP affect.