Deciphering the epitranscriptome: A green perspective. Issue 10 (20th June 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Burgess, Alice; David, Rakesh; Searle, Iain Robert
• Is Part Of: Journal of integrative plant biology. Volume 58:Issue 10(2016)
• Page Start: 822
• Page End: 835
• Publication Date: 2016-06-20
• Subjects: RNA modifications -- epitranscriptome -- RNA 5‐methylcytosine (m5C) -- N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) -- Pseudouridine (Ψ) -- Arabidopsis; Plants -- Periodicals; Plants -- China -- Periodicals; Electronic journals; 580.5
• DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12483
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1672-9072

Abstract

Abstract: The advent of high‐throughput sequencing technologies coupled with new detection methods of RNA modifications has enabled investigation of a new layer of gene regulation − the epitranscriptome. With over 100 known RNA modifications, understanding the repertoire of RNA modifications is a huge undertaking. This review summarizes what is known about RNA modifications with an emphasis on discoveries in plants. RNA ribose modifications, base methylations and pseudouridylation are required for normal development in Arabidopsis, as mutations in the enzymes modifying them have diverse effects on plant development and stress responses. These modifications can regulate RNA structure, turnover and translation. Transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA modifications have been mapped extensively and their functions investigated in many organisms, including plants. Recent work exploring the locations, functions and targeting of N 6 ‐methyladenosine (m 6 A), 5‐methylcytosine (m 5 C), pseudouridine (Ψ), and additional modifications in mRNAs and ncRNAs are highlighted, as well as those previously known on tRNAs and rRNAs. Many questions remain as to the exact mechanisms of targeting and functions of specific modified sites and whether these modifications have distinct functions in the different classes of RNAs. Abstract : Understanding the repertoire of RNA modifications is a huge undertaking, given that there is over 100 known RNA modifications. This review summarizes what is known about RNA modifications. In Arabidopsis, RNA ribose modifications, base methylations and pseudouridylation are required for normal development and these modifications can regulate RNA structure, turnover and translation.