Hierarchical Structures of Bone and Bioinspired Bone Tissue Engineering. Issue 34 (20th June 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Liu, Yan; Luo, Dan; Wang, Tie
• Is Part Of: Small. Volume 12:Issue 34(2016)
• Page Start: 4611
• Page End: 4632
• Publication Date: 2016-06-20
• Subjects: biomimetic materials -- biomineralization -- hierarchical structures -- intrafibrillar mineralization -- tissue engineering; Nanotechnology -- Periodicals; Nanoparticles -- Periodicals; Microtechnology -- Periodicals; 620.5
• DOI: 10.1002/smll.201600626
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1613-6810

Abstract

Abstract : Bone, as a mineralized composite of inorganic (mostly carbonated hydroxyapatite) and organic (mainly type I collagen) phases, possesses a unique combination of remarkable strength and toughness. Its excellent mechanical properties are related to its hierarchical structures and precise organization of the inorganic and organic phases at the nanoscale: Nanometer‐sized hydroxyapatite crystals periodically deposit within the gap zones of collagen fibrils during bone biomineralization process. This hierarchical arrangement produces nanomechanical heterogeneities, which enable a mechanism for high energy dissipation and resistance to fracture. The excellent mechanical properties integrated with the hierarchical nanostructure of bone have inspired chemists and material scientists to develop biomimetic strategies for artificial bone grafts in tissue engineering (TE). This critical review provides a broad overview of the current mechanisms involved in bone biomineralization, and the relationship between bone hierarchical structures and the deformation mechanism. Our goal in this review is to inspire the application of these principles toward bone TE. Abstract : Bone is a hierarchical nanocomposite with excellent mechanical and biological functions that inspires the development of future high‐performance biomaterials. Here, we clarify the hierarchical structures and formation mechanism of bone. Recent progress in the synthesis of biomimetic materials and their potential applications in tissue engineering are also summarized. This review provides a comprehensive perspective for the future fabrication of artificial bone grafts.