The Drangajökull ice cap, northwest Iceland, persisted into the early-mid Holocene. (15th September 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Schomacker, Anders; Brynjólfsson, Skafti; Andreassen, Julie M.; Gudmundsdóttir, Esther Ruth; Olsen, Jesper; Odgaard, Bent V.; Håkansson, Lena; Ingólfsson, Ólafur; Larsen, Nicolaj K.
• Is Part Of: Quaternary science reviews. Volume 148(2016)
• Page Start: 68
• Page End: 84
• Publication Date: 2016-09-15
• Subjects: Drangajökull -- Holocene -- Holocene thermal maximum -- Threshold lake -- Lake sediment -- Glacier; Geology, Stratigraphic -- Quaternary -- Periodicals; Stratigraphie -- Quaternaire -- Périodiques; 551.79
• DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.07.007
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0277-3791

Abstract

Abstract: Most glaciers and ice caps in Iceland experienced rapid deglaciation in the early Holocene, reaching a minimum extent during the Holocene Thermal Maximum. Here we present evidence of the Holocene glacial history from lake sediment cores retrieved from seven threshold lakes around the Drangajökull ice cap in the Vestfirðir peninsula, NW Iceland. The sediment cores show on/off signals of glacial meltwater activity, as minerogenic material deposited from glacial meltwater alternates with organic-rich material (gyttja) deposited without glacial meltwater. We base the chronology of the sediment cores on 14 C ages and geochemical identification of key tephra layers with known ages. A 25-cm thick layer of the Saksunarvatn tephra in Lake Skorarvatn indicates that the northern part of the ice cap had reached a similar size as today or was smaller already by 10.2 cal kyr BP. However, 14 C ages of lake sediment cores from the highlands southeast of Drangajökull suggest that this part of the ice cap was larger than today until 7.8–7.2 cal kyr BP. Even today, the Drangajökull ice cap has a different behavior than the main ice caps in Iceland, characterized by a very low glaciation limit. Because palaeoclimatic proxies show an early-mid Holocene temperature optimum in this part of Iceland, we suggest that the persistence of Drangajökull into the early Holocene and, possibly, also the entire Holocene was due to high winter precipitation. Highlights: We obtained sediment cores from threshold lakes around the Drangajökull ice cap, NW Iceland. Most cores show a transition from minerogenic to organic sediments reflecting a termination of glacial meltwater inflow. We identified key tephra layers in the lake sediment cores. The SE part of the early Holocene Drangajökull was larger than at present and persisted until 7.2-7.8 cal. kyr BP. We speculate that Drangajökull survived Holocene warm periods due to increased winter precipitation during such periods.