Utilization of phosphorus loaded alkaline residue to immobilize lead in a shooting range soil. (November 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Yan, Yubo; Qi, Fangjie; Seshadri, Balaji; Xu, Yilu; Hou, Jiexi; Ok, Yong Sik; Dong, Xiaoli; Li, Qiao; Sun, Xiuyun; Wang, Lianjun; Bolan, Nanthi
• Is Part Of: Chemosphere. Volume 162(2016)
• Page Start: 315
• Page End: 323
• Publication Date: 2016-11
• Subjects: Alkaline residue -- Phosphorus (P) -- Pb immobilization -- Shooting range soil -- Bioavailability; Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Physiological effect -- Periodicals; Environmental sciences -- Periodicals; Atmospheric chemistry -- Periodicals; 551.511
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.07.068
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0045-6535

Abstract

Abstract: The alkaline residue generated from the production of soda ash using the ammonia-soda method has been successfully used in removing phosphorus (P) from aqueous solution. But the accumulation of P-containing solid after P removal is an undesirable menace to the environment. To achieve the goal of recycling, this study explored the feasibility of reusing the P loaded alkaline residue as an amendment for immobilization of lead (Pb) in a shooting range soil. The main crystalline phase and micromorphology of amendments were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy-electron dispersion spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) methods. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), sequential extraction procedure, and physiologically based extraction test (PBET) were employed to evaluate the effectiveness of Pb immobilization in soil after 45 d incubation. Treatment with P loaded alkaline residue was significantly effective in reducing the TCLP and PBET extractable Pb concentrations in contrast to the untreated soil. Moreover, a positive change in the distribution of Pb fractions was observed in the treated soil, i.e., more than 60% of soil-Pb was transformed to the residual fraction compared to the original soil. On the other hand, P loaded amendments also resulted in a drastic reduction in phytoavailable Pb to the winter wheat and a mild release of P as a nutrient in treated soil, which also confirmed the improvement of soil quality. Graphical abstract: Highlights: Alkaline residue collected from phosphorus adsorption process was further reused to immobilize Pb in a small shooting range soil. Phosphorus loaded alkaline residue significantly reduced leachability, bioaccessibility, and phytoavailability of Pb in studied soil. Phosphorus loaded alkaline residue mildly released P as a nutrient in treated soil. Phosphorus loaded alkaline residue can be considered as a low cost and efficient amendment for the remediation of Pb contaminated soils.