Molecular mechanisms in the initiation phase of Wallerian degeneration. (30th May 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Chang, Biao; Quan, Qi; Lu, Shibi; Wang, Yu; Peng, Jiang
• Editors: Smith, Yoland
• Is Part Of: European journal of neuroscience. Volume 44:Number 4(2016:Aug.)
• Page Start: 2040
• Page End: 2048
• Publication Date: 2016-05-30
• Subjects: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide -- nicotinamide mononucleotide -- nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 2 -- sterile alpha and armadillo motif‐containing protein 1; Nervous system -- Periodicals; 612.8
• DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13250
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0953-816X

Abstract

Abstract: Axonal degeneration is an early hallmark of nerve injury and many neurodegenerative diseases. The discovery of the Wallerian degeneration slow mutant mouse, in which axonal degeneration is delayed, revealed that Wallerian degeneration is an active progress and thereby illuminated the mechanisms underlying axonal degeneration. Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 2 and sterile alpha and armadillo motif‐containing protein 1 play essential roles in the maintenance of axon integrity by regulating the level of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, which seems to be the key molecule involved in the maintenance of axonal health. However, the function of nicotinamide mononucleotide remains debatable, and we discuss two apparently conflicting roles of nicotinamide mononucleotide in Wallerian degeneration. In this article, we focus on the roles of these molecules in the initiation phase of Wallerian degeneration to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon. Abstract : The review showed the relationships of many important molecules in wallerian degeneration. (NMNAT2 is upstream of SARM1, which is upstream of MAPK. NMN is thought to be upstream of SARM1 and calcium influx is the downstream of SARM1. Although the relationship between NAD and SARM1 is debatable, we believe that SARM1 triggers axonal degeneration via NAD destruction. ATP depletion is the upstream of Ca 2+ .) The review discussed two apparently conflicting roles of NMN in Wallerian degeneration. The review was intended to draw attention to the closely links between wallerian degeneration with glycolysis.