Subjective visual awareness emerges prior to P3. (19th May 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Koivisto, Mika; Salminen‐Vaparanta, Niina; Grassini, Simone; Revonsuo, Antti
• Editors: Foxe, John
• Is Part Of: European journal of neuroscience. Volume 43:Number 12(2016:Jun.)
• Page Start: 1601
• Page End: 1611
• Publication Date: 2016-05-19
• Subjects: consciousness -- EEG -- event‐related potential -- vision; Nervous system -- Periodicals; 612.8
• DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13264
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0953-816X

Abstract

Abstract: Studies on the neural basis of visual awareness, the subjective experience of seeing, have found several potential neural correlates of visual awareness. Some of them may not directly correlate with awareness but with post‐perceptual processes, such as reporting one's awareness of the stimulus. We dissociated potential electrophysiological correlates of visual awareness from those occurring during response selection and thus co‐occurring with post‐perceptual processing. The participants performed two GO‐NOGO conditions. In the aware‐GO condition they responded with a key press when they were aware of the stimulus and withheld responding when they were unaware of it. In the unaware‐GO condition they withheld responding when they were aware and responded when they were not aware of the stimulus. Thus, event‐related potentials could be measured to aware and unaware trials when responding was required and when not required. The results revealed that the N200 amplitude (180–280 ms) over the occipital and posterior temporal cortex was enhanced in aware trials as compared with trials without awareness. This effect (visual awareness negativity, VAN) did not depend on responding. The amplitude of P3 (350–450 ms) also was enhanced in aware trials as compared with unaware trials. In addition, the amplitudes in the P3 time window depended on responding: they were greater when awareness was mapped to GO‐response than when not, suggesting that P3 reflects post‐perceptual processing, that is, it occurs after awareness has emerged. These findings support theories of visual awareness that assume a relatively early onset of visual awareness before P3. Abstract : We measured event‐related potentials to aware and unaware visual stimuli when report of awareness was required (GO) and when not (NOGO). The N200 amplitude (180–280 ms) was enhanced in aware trials but was not influenced by responding. The amplitude of P3 (350–450 ms) also was enhanced in aware trials and it was modulated by reporting, suggesting that it may reflect post‐perceptual processing after awareness has emerged.