An assessment of dietary exposure to glyphosate using refined deterministic and probabilistic methods. (September 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Stephenson, C.L.; Harris, C.A.
• Is Part Of: Food and chemical toxicology. Volume 95(2016)
• Page Start: 28
• Page End: 41
• Publication Date: 2016-09
• Subjects: Glyphosate -- Pesticide -- Dietary exposure -- Deterministic risk assessment -- Probabilistic modelling -- Chronic consumption; ADI acceptable daily intake -- AMPA aminomethyl-phosphonic acid -- BfR Federal Institute for Risk Assessment -- CF conversion factor -- CFR Code of Federal Regulations -- cPAD chronic population-adjusted dose -- CRD Chemicals Regulation Directorate -- CXL Codex maximum residue limit -- DAR draft assessment report -- DNFCS Dutch National Food Consumption Survey -- DEEM Dietary Exposure Evaluation Model -- EC European Commission -- EFSA European Food Safety Authority -- EPA Environmental Protection Agency -- EPSPS 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase -- EU European Union -- FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations -- FP7 7th Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development -- GAP good agricultural practice -- GAT glyphosate-N-acetyltransferase -- GEMS Global Environment Monitoring System -- GOX glyphosate oxidoreductase -- IEDI international estimated daily intake -- IUPAC International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry -- JMPR Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues -- LOQ limit of quantification -- LOR limit of reporting -- MCRA Monte Carlo Risk Assessment -- MRL maximum residue level -- MS member state -- NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement -- NDNS National Diet and Nutrition Survey -- NEDI national estimated daily intake -- NOAEL no observed adverse effect level -- NVS National Nutrition Survey -- OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development -- PF processing factor -- PPR Plant Protection Products and their Residues -- PRiF Expert Committee on Pesticide Residues in Food -- PRIMo Pesticide Residue Intake Model -- RAC raw agricultural commodity -- RAR renewal assessment report -- RIVM National Institute for Public Health and the Environment -- STMR supervised trials median residue -- TMDI theoretical maximum daily intake -- UK United Kingdom -- US United States of America -- VELS food consumption survey to determine food intake by infants and small children -- WHO World Health Organization; Toxicology -- Periodicals; Food poisoning -- Periodicals; Food Poisoning -- Periodicals; Toxicology -- Periodicals; Toxicologie -- Périodiques; Intoxications alimentaires -- Périodiques; Food poisoning; Toxicology; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 615.9
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.06.026
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0278-6915

Abstract

Abstract: Glyphosate is a herbicide used to control broad-leaved weeds. Some uses of glyphosate in crop production can lead to residues of the active substance and related metabolites in food. This paper uses data on residue levels, processing information and consumption patterns, to assess theoretical lifetime dietary exposure to glyphosate. Initial estimates were made assuming exposure to the highest permitted residue levels in foods. These intakes were then refined using median residue levels from trials, processing information, and monitoring data to achieve a more realistic estimate of exposure. Estimates were made using deterministic and probabilistic methods. Exposures were compared to the acceptable daily intake (ADI)—the amount of a substance that can be consumed daily without an appreciable health risk. Refined deterministic intakes for all consumers were at or below 2.1% of the ADI. Variations were due to cultural differences in consumption patterns and the level of aggregation of the dietary information in calculation models, which allows refinements for processing. Probabilistic exposure estimates ranged from 0.03% to 0.90% of the ADI, depending on whether optimistic or pessimistic assumptions were made in the calculations. Additional refinements would be possible if further data on processing and from residues monitoring programmes were available. Highlights: Deterministic and probabilistic estimates of glyphosate dietary exposure were made. Exposure estimates were refined using processing and residue monitoring information. The TMDI was identified as an appropriate screening tool to identify potential risk. Refined and probabilistic assessments provided a more realistic estimate of exposure. Refined deterministic and probabilistic exposure was 1.2% and <0.9% ADI respectively.