Distinct immune tones are established by Lactococcus lactis BFE920 and Lactobacillus plantarum FGL0001 in the gut of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). (August 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Beck, Bo Ram; Song, Joon Hyun; Park, Byung Sun; Kim, Daniel; Kwak, Jin-Hwan; Do, Hyung Ki; Kim, Ah-Ram; Kim, Woo-Jin; Song, Seong Kyu
• Is Part Of: Fish & shellfish immunology. Volume 55(2016:Aug.)
• Page Start: 434
• Page End: 443
• Publication Date: 2016-08
• Subjects: Immune tone -- Olive flounder -- Probiotics -- Lactococcus lactis BFE920 -- Lactobacillus plantarum FGL0001; Fishes -- Immunology -- Periodicals; Shellfish -- Immunology -- Periodicals; Poissons -- Immunologie -- Périodiques; Crustacés -- Immunologie -- Périodiques; 571.9617
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.06.022
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1050-4648

Abstract

Abstract: The immune tone is defined as an immunological state during which the readiness for immune response is potentiated. The establishment of immune tone in the gut of olive flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus ) was investigated by feeding Lactococcus lactis BFE920 (LL) or Lactobacillus plantarum FGL0001 (LP). LL-fed flounder showed significantly increased levels of regulatory genes ( FOXP3, IL-10, and TGF-β1 ), CD18, and CD83 in the gut. In contrast, LP feeding drastically increased proinflammatory genes ( T-bet, IL-1β, and IFN-γ ) and CD18 . This indicates that LL and LP establish different types of local immune tones in the gut through differential activation of innate immune cells: LL activates both macrophages and dendritic cells while LP activates macrophages only. Both of the immune tones required at least a total of 6 probiotic feeds during 72 h for a stable establishment. Once established, the type of immune tone remained steady even up to 30 days (a total of 60 feeds) probiotics feeding. The LL-induced regulatory immune tone enhanced the level of occludin, a tight junction molecule, significantly more than that observed with the proinflammatory immune tone established by LP feeding. Consequently, LL-fed fish showed considerably lower gut permeability than that of the LP-fed group. Furthermore, when orally challenged by Edwardsiella tarda, LL-fed flounder survived at a significantly higher rate than LP-fed fish. The data clearly demonstrate that individual probiotics establish distinct types of immune tone in the fish gut, which in turn influences the immunological status as well as the physiology of the gut. Selection of proper probiotics may be essential for optimal effects in aquaculture farming. Highlights: Immune tone is a state during which the readiness for immune response is potentiated. Once stabilized by three days of probiotics feeding, immune tone maintains constant. Lc. lactis BFE920 established a regulatory immune tone in the gut. Lb. plantarum FGL0001 established a proinflammatory immune tone in the gut. Immune tone influences both of the immunological state and the physiology of the gut.