Does Routine Midazolam Administration Prior to Nasogastric Tube Insertion in the Emergency Department Decrease Patients' Pain? (A Pilot Study). (July 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Manning, Chelsea Taylor; Buinewicz, Jacob Dillon; Sewatsky, Thomas Patrick; Zgonis, Evangelia; Gutierrez, Kathy; O'Keefe, Michael F.; Freeman, Kalev
• Editors: Bird, Steven B.
• Is Part Of: Academic emergency medicine. Volume 23:Number 7(2016)
• Page Start: 766
• Page End: 771
• Publication Date: 2016-07
• Subjects: Emergency medicine -- Periodicals; 616.02505
• DOI: 10.1111/acem.12961
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1069-6563

Abstract

Abstract: Objectives: Patients report pain and discomfort with nasogastric tube (NGT) intubation. We tested the hypothesis that premedication with midazolam alleviates pain during NGT placement in the emergency department (ED) by > 13 on a 100‐mm visual analog scale (VAS). Methods: We performed a double‐blind randomized controlled pilot study, assigning ED patients requiring NGT placement to midazolam or placebo. All patients received intranasal cophenylcaine; additionally, they received an intravenous (IV) dose of the study drug, either 2 mg of IV midazolam or saline control. Nurses placed NGTs while observed by research staff, who then interviewed subjects to determine the primary outcome of pain using a VAS. Additional data collected from patients and their nurses included discomfort during the procedure, difficulty of tube insertion, and complications. Results: We enrolled 23 eligible patients and obtained complete data in all: 10 midazolam and 13 controls. We found a significant reduction in mean pain VAS score of −31 (95% confidence interval = −53 to −9 mm) with 2 mg of midazolam (mean ± SD = 52 ± 30 mm), compared to placebo (mean ± SD = 21 ± 18 mm), more than double the effect size considered clinically relevant. Treatment did not impact ease of placement and there were no serious adverse effects. Conclusions: Premedication with 2 mg of IV midazolam reduces pain of NGT insertion in ED patients without the need for full procedural sedation.