Identification of Intragenic Exon Deletions and Duplication of TCF12 by Whole Genome or Targeted Sequencing as a Cause of TCF12‐Related Craniosynostosis. Issue 8 (2nd June 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Goos, Jacqueline A.C.; Fenwick, Aimee L.; Swagemakers, Sigrid M.A.; McGowan, Simon J.; Knight, Samantha J.L.; Twigg, Stephen R.F.; Hoogeboom, A. Jeannette M.; van Dooren, Marieke F.; Magielsen, Frank J.; Wall, Steven A.; Mathijssen, Irene M.J.; Wilkie, Andrew O.M.; van der Spek, Peter J.; van den Ouweland, Ans M.W.
• Is Part Of: Human mutation. Volume 37:Issue 8(2016)
• Page Start: 732
• Page End: 736
• Publication Date: 2016-06-02
• Subjects: TCF12‐related craniosynostosis -- intragenic exon deletion -- exon duplication -- rearrangements; Human chromosome abnormalities -- Periodicals; Mutation (Biology) -- Periodicals; 616.04205
• DOI: 10.1002/humu.23010
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1059-7794

Abstract

Abstract : The phenotype of the index patients, their pedigrees (sequenced individuals in red boxes, mutation carriers indicated by asterisks), the method used to identify the rearrangement, and, lastly, their position. BCS = bicoronal suture synostosis, ICP = intracranial pressure, LCS = left coronal suture synostosis, M = metopic suture, PAN = pansynostosis, RCS = right coronal suture synostosis, and WGS = whole genome sequencing. ABSTRACT: TCF12 ‐related craniosynostosis can be caused by small heterozygous loss‐of‐function mutations in TCF12 . Large intragenic rearrangements, however, have not been described yet. Here, we present the identification of four large rearrangements in TCF12 causing TCF12 ‐related craniosynostosis. Whole‐genome sequencing was applied on the DNA of 18 index cases with coronal synostosis and their family members (43 samples in total). The data were analyzed using an autosomal‐dominant disease model. Structural variant analysis reported intragenic exon deletions (of sizes 84.9, 8.6, and 5.4 kb) in TCF12 in three different families. The results were confirmed by deletion‐specific PCR and dideoxy‐sequence analysis. Separately, targeted sequencing of the TCF12 genomic region in a patient with coronal synostosis identified a tandem duplication of 11.3 kb. The pathogenic effect of this duplication was confirmed by cDNA analysis. These findings indicate the importance of screening for larger rearrangements in patients suspected to have TCF12 ‐related craniosynostosis.