Current state of the art for enhancing urine biomarker discovery. (2nd June 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Harpole, Michael; Davis, Justin; Espina, Virginia
• Is Part Of: Expert review of proteomics. Volume 13:Number 6(2016)
• Page Start: 609
• Page End: 626
• Publication Date: 2016-06-02
• Subjects: Biomarker -- combinatorial peptide ligand libraries -- diabetes -- glycoprotein -- hydrogel nanoparticles -- Lyme Disease -- mass spectrometry -- protein -- proteomics -- selected reaction monitoring -- urine; Proteins -- Biotechnology -- Periodicals; Proteomics -- Periodicals; 572.6
• DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2016.1190651
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1478-9450

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Urine is a highly desirable biospecimen for biomarker analysis because it can be collected recurrently by non-invasive techniques, in relatively large volumes. Urine contains cellular elements, biochemicals, and proteins derived from glomerular filtration of plasma, renal tubule excretion, and urogenital tract secretions that reflect, at a given time point, an individual's metabolic and pathophysiologic state. Areas covered: High-resolution mass spectrometry, coupled with state of the art fractionation systems are revealing the plethora of diagnostic/prognostic proteomic information existing within urinary exosomes, glycoproteins, and proteins. Affinity capture pre-processing techniques such as combinatorial peptide ligand libraries and biomarker harvesting hydrogel nanoparticles are enabling measurement/identification of previously undetectable urinary proteins. Expert commentary: Future challenges in the urinary proteomics field include a) defining either single or multiple, universally applicable data normalization methods for comparing results within and between individual patients/data sets, and b) defining expected urinary protein levels in healthy individuals.