Chemical recycling of brominated flame retarded plastics from e-waste for clean fuels production: A review. (August 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Ma, Chuan; Yu, Jie; Wang, Ben; Song, Zijian; Xiang, Jun; Hu, Song; Su, Sheng; Sun, Lushi
• Is Part Of: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews. Volume 61(2016:Aug.)
• Page Start: 433
• Page End: 450
• Publication Date: 2016-08
• Subjects: ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene -- BFRs brominated flame retardants -- Br-ABS acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene flame retarded with tetrabromobisphenol-A and Sb2O3 -- Br-HIPS high impact polystyrene flame retarded with decabromodiphenyl ether and Sb2O3 -- CRT cathode ray tube -- decaBDE decabromodiphenyl ether -- DDE decabromodiphenyl ethane -- DDO decabromodiphenyl oxide -- DNA deoxyribonucleic acid -- BDE brominated diphenyl ether -- EEE electrical and electronic equipment -- e-waste electronic waste -- FCC fluid catalytic cracking -- Fe–NZ iron oxide loaded natural zeolite -- Fe–YZ iron oxide loaded HY zeolite -- FR flame retardant -- GC/MS gas chromatography/mass spectrometry -- GPS global position system -- HBCD 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 10-hexabromocyclodecane -- HDB hydrodebromination -- HDC hydrodechlorination -- HDH hydrodehalogenation -- HIPS high impact polystyrene -- HIPS/PPO mixtures of high impact polystyrene and poly(p-phenylene oxide) -- HFRs halogenated flame retardants -- IQ intelligence quotient -- LED light-emitting diode -- Mt million tonnes -- NZ natural zeolite -- octaBDEs octabromodiphenyl ethers -- OHCs organohalogen compounds -- PA polyamide -- PBB polybrominated biphenyl -- PBDD/Fs polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans -- PBDDs/PBDFs polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/polybrominated dibenzofurans -- PBDEs polybrominated decabromodiphenyl ethers -- PC polycarbonate -- PE polyethylene -- PE/Br-ABS mixtures of high density polyethylene and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer containing a polybrominated epoxy type flame retardant -- pentaBDEs pentabromodiphenyl ether -- PET poly(ethylene terephthalate) -- POPs persistent organic pollutants -- PP polypropylene -- PPO poly(p-phenylene oxide) -- PS polystyrene -- PS/Br-ABS mixtures of polystyrene and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer containing a polybrominated epoxy type flame retardant -- PU polyurethane -- PVC poly(vinyl chloride) -- PXDD/PXDFs polybrominated, chlorinated or mixed brominated-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/polybrominated, chlorinated or mixed brominated-chlorinated dibenzofurans -- Py-GC/MS pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry -- SAN styrene-acrylonitrile -- TBBPA tetrabromobisphenol-A -- WEEE waste electrical and electronic equipment -- YZ HY zeolite.; E-waste plastics -- Feedstock recycling -- Flame retardants -- Catalytic hydrogenation -- Clean fuels; Renewable energy sources -- Periodicals; Power resources -- Periodicals; Énergies renouvelables -- Périodiques; Ressources énergétiques -- Périodiques; 333.794
• DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.04.020
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1364-0321

Abstract

Abstract: Electronic waste plastics (e-waste plastics) have been one of the emerging and fastest-growing waste streams due to the increasing number of generation in waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). Given that brominated flame retardant (BFR) materials in e-waste plastics have been the major impediment for recycling treatment, chemical recycling has been proposed as an environmentally friendly method of recycling e-waste plastics for clean fuels production or chemical feedstocks. This paper summarized the current techniques of BFR-plastics recycling with a view to solving energy crisis and the environmental degradation of BFR-plastics. Emphasis was paid on the recent chemical treatment of BFR-plastics, including pyrolysis, co-pyrolysis and catalytic cracking, which are yet to be completely feasible in conversion of BFR-plastics for clean fuels production. Hydrothermal treatment is regarded as a novel high-efficiency technology to recycle BFR-plastics, which can be a potential process for the in situ debromination of oil products. An advanced chemical recycling technique, pyrolysis-catalytic upgrading process, is highlighted. The recycling route of pyrolyzing BFR-plastics prior to catalytic upgrading was intended to obtain high quantity oils, and then the upgrading process of pyrolysis oils was conducted by means of catalytic hydrodebromination with the aim of obtaining bromine-free oils for commercial applications. In short, the integration of pyrolysis with catalytic upgrading process can provide significant economic and environmental options in conversion of e-waste plastics into useful and high-value materials. Further investigations are required to develop the pyrolysis-catalytic upgrading process to become sustainable and commercially viable for clean fuels production.