How well would modern‐day oceanic property distributions be known with paleoceanographic‐like observations?. (8th April 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Gebbie, Geoffrey; Streletz, Gregory J.; Spero, Howard J.
• Is Part Of: Paleoceanography. Volume 31:Number 4(2016)
• Page Start: 472
• Page End: 490
• Publication Date: 2016-04-08
• Subjects: water mass geometry -- tracer distributions -- inverse methods -- Last Glacial Maximum -- identical twin experiment -- isotope records; Paleoceanography -- Periodicals; 551.46
• DOI: 10.1002/2015PA002917
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0883-8305

Abstract

Abstract: Compilations of paleoceanographic observations for the deep sea now contain a few hundred points along the oceanic margins, mid‐ocean ridges, and bathymetric highs, where seawater conditions are indirectly recorded in the chemistry of buried benthic foraminiferal shells. Here we design an idealized experiment to test our predictive ability to reconstruct modern‐day seawater properties by considering paleoceanographic‐like data. We attempt to reconstruct the known, modern‐day global distributions by using a state estimation method that combines a kinematic tracer transport model with observations that have paleoceanographic characteristics. When a modern‐like suite of observations (Θ, practical salinity, seawater δ 18 O, δ 13 C DIC, PO4, NO3, and O2 ) is used from the sparse paleolocations, the state estimate is consistent with the withheld data at all depths below 1500 m, suggesting that the observational sparsity can be overcome. Physical features, such as the interbasin gradients in deep δ 13 C DIC and the vertical structure of Atlantic δ 13 C DIC, are accurately reconstructed. The state estimation method extracts useful information from the pointwise observations to infer distributions at the largest oceanic scales (at least 10, 000 km horizontally and 1500 m vertically) and outperforms a standard optimal interpolation technique even though neither dynamical constraints nor constraints from surface boundary fluxes are used. When the sparse observations are more realistically restricted to the paleoceanographic proxy observations of δ 13 C, δ 18 O, and Cd/Ca, however, the large‐scale property distributions are no longer recovered coherently. At least three more water mass tracers are likely needed at the core sites in order to accurately reconstruct the large‐scale property distributions of the Last Glacial Maximum. Key Points: Global property distributions can be reconstructed from data as sparse as that from the LGM Inference of past ocean properties is limited, however, with a sparse, proxy data set A state estimation method has skill at large spatial scales and outperforms optimal interpolation