Placental magnetic resonance imaging T2* measurements in normal pregnancies and in those complicated by fetal growth restriction. (June 2016) - Sinding, M.
Abstract : Linked Comment: Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016; 47: 673–673 ABSTRACT: Objectives: The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) variable transverse relaxation time (T2*) depends on multiple factors, one important one being the presence of deoxyhemoglobin. We aimed to describe placental T2* measurements in normal pregnancies and in those with fetal growth restriction (FGR). Methods: We included 24 normal pregnancies at 24–40 weeks' gestation and four FGR cases with an estimated fetal weight below the 1 st centile. Prior to MRI, an ultrasound examination, including Doppler flow measurements, was performed. The T2* value was calculated using a gradient echo MRI sequence with readout at 16 different echo times. In normal pregnancies, repeat T2* measurements were performed and interobserver reproducibility was assessed in order to estimate the reproducibility of the method. Placental histological examination was performed in the FGR cases. Results: The method was robust regarding the technical and interobserver reproducibility. However, some slice‐to‐slice variation existed owing to the heterogeneous nature of the normal placenta. We therefore based T2* estimations on the average of two slices from each placenta. In normal pregnancies, the placental T2* value decreased significantly with increasing gestational age, with mean ± SD values of 120 ± 17 ms at 24 weeks' gestation, 84 ± 16 ms at 32 weeks and 47 ± 17 ms at 40 weeks. Three FGR cases had abnormal Doppler flow, histological signs of maternal hypoperfusion and a reduced T2* value ( Z ‐score < –3.5). In the fourth FGR case, Doppler flow, placental histology and T2* value ( Z ‐score, −0.34) were normal. Conclusions: The established reference values for placental T2* may be clinically useful, as T2* values were significantly lower in FGR cases with histological signs of maternal hypoperfusion. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.