The emerging role of interferon regulatory factor 9 in the antiviral host response and beyond. (June 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Suprunenko, Tamara; Hofer, Markus J.
• Is Part Of: Cytokine & growth factor reviews. Volume 29:(2016)
• Page Start: 35
• Page End: 43
• Publication Date: 2016-06
• Subjects: OASL 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase -- PKR double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase -- GAS gamma-activated site -- HCMV human cytomegalovirus -- ISG IFN-I-stimulated genes -- IFNAR interferon alpha receptor -- IFNGR interferon gamma receptor -- IRF interferon regulatory factor -- IRF9 interferon regulatory factor 9 -- ISGF3 interferon stimulated gene factor 3 -- ISRE interferon stimulated response element -- IFN interferon -- JAK1 janus kinase 1 -- LCMV lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus -- MS multiple sclerosis -- MEFs murine embryonic fibroblasts -- STAT signal transducers and activators of transcription -- TAD transcriptional activation domain -- IFN-I type I interferon -- IFN-III type III interferon -- TYK2 tyrosine kinase 2 -- VSV vesicular stomatitis virus; Interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9) -- Type I interferon signaling -- Non-canonical interferon signaling -- Antiviral immunity -- Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT); Cytokines -- Periodicals; 571.84
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.03.002
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1359-6101

Abstract

Abstract: The host response to viral infections relies on tightly regulated and intricate signaling pathways involving type I interferons (IFN-Is). The IFN-Is mediate their antiviral effects predominantly through a signaling factor complex that comprises the transcription factors, interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9) and the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) 1 and STAT2. While STAT1 and STAT2 have been studied extensively, the biological significance of IRF9 is only beginning to emerge. Recent studies have revealed a unique role for IRF9 as a conductor of the cellular responses to IFN-Is. Intriguingly, novel roles for IRF9 outside of the antiviral response are also being identified. Thus IRF9 may have a more extensive influence on cellular processes than previously recognized, ranging from antiviral immune responses to oncogenesis and gut homeostasis. In this review, we will focus on the distinct and emerging roles of IRF9 in the antiviral host response and beyond.