Oxysterols: An emerging class of broad spectrum antiviral effectors. (June 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Lembo, David; Cagno, Valeria; Civra, Andrea; Poli, Giuseppe
• Is Part Of: Molecular aspects of medicine. Volume 49(2016)
• Page Start: 23
• Page End: 30
• Publication Date: 2016-06
• Subjects: Oxysterols -- 25-Hydroxycholesterol -- 27-Hydroxycholesterol -- Enveloped virus -- Non-enveloped viruses -- Antiviral -- Innate immunity; 24OH 24-hydroxycholesterol -- 25OH 25-hydroxycholesterol -- 27OH 27-hydroxycholesterol -- LXRs liver X receptors -- RXRs retinoid X receptors; Pathology, Molecular -- Periodicals; Medicine -- Periodicals; Biochemistry -- Periodicals; Medicine -- Periodicals; Molecular Biology -- Periodicals; Pathologie moléculaire -- Périodiques; Médecine -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 612.015
• DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.04.003
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0098-2997

Abstract

Abstract: Oxysterols are a family of cholesterol oxidation derivatives that contain an additional hydroxyl, epoxide or ketone group in the sterol nucleus and/or a hydroxyl group in the side chain. The majority of oxysterols in the blood are of endogenous origin, derived from cholesterol via either enzymatic or non-enzymatic mechanisms. A large number of reports demonstrate multiple physiological roles of specific oxysterols. One such role is the inhibition of viral replication. This biochemical/biological property was first characterised against a number of viruses endowed with an external lipid membrane (enveloped viruses), although antiviral activity has since been observed in relation to several non-enveloped viruses. In the present paper, we review the recent findings about the broad antiviral activity of oxysterols against enveloped and non-enveloped human viral pathogens, and provide an overview of their putative antiviral mechnism(s).