Serotonergic perturbations in dystonia disorders—a systematic review. (June 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Smit, M.; Bartels, A.L.; van Faassen, M.; Kuiper, A.; Niezen- Koning, K.E.; Kema, I.P.; Dierckx, R.A.; de Koning, T.J.; Tijssen, M.A.
• Is Part Of: Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews. Volume 65(2016)
• Page Start: 264
• Page End: 275
• Publication Date: 2016-06
• Subjects: 5-HIAA 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid -- 5-HT 5-hydroxytryptamine -- 5-HTP 5- hydroxytryptophan -- AADC aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase -- ADR acute dystonic reaction -- BH4 tetrahydrobiopterin -- CSF cerebrospinal fluid -- DRD dopa-responsive dystonia -- dRN dorsal raphe nucleus -- DTG di-o-tolyguanidine -- DYT dystonia -- GCH1 GTP cyclohydrolase deficiency 1 -- GP globus pallidus -- GPi globus pallidus pars interna -- GPe globus pallidus pars externa -- HVA homovanillic acid -- PKAN panthothenate kinase associated neurodegeneration -- RDP rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism -- SERT serotonin transporter -- SGCE ε-sarcoglycan gene -- SNr substantia nigra pars reticulata -- SPR sepiapterin reductase -- SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor -- VMAT2 vesicular monoamine transporter 2; Dystonia -- Non-motor -- Psychiatric disorder -- Neurotransmitters -- Serotonin -- 5-HIAA; Psychophysiology -- Periodicals; Human behavior -- Periodicals; Animal behavior -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Behavior -- Periodicals; Ethology -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Psychophysiologie -- Périodiques; Comportement humain -- Périodiques; Animaux -- Mœurs et comportement -- Périodiques; Neurologie -- Périodiques; Animal behavior; Human behavior; Neurology; Psychophysiology; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 573.8
• DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.015
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0149-7634

Abstract

Highlights: We examined the role of serotonin in inherited, acquired and idiopathic dystonia. Most studies point towards a hypofunction of the serotonergic system in dystonia. Serotonergic/dopaminergic imbalances may be an important modulator of dystonia. High prevalences of psychiatric co-morbidity may suggest serotonergic dysfunction. Influencing serotonin may form a new potential target for therapeutical interventions. Abstract: Dystonia is a hyperkinetic movement disorder characterized by sustained or intermittent muscle contractions. Emerging data describe high prevalences of non-motor symptoms, including psychiatric co-morbidity, as part of the phenotype of dystonia. Basal ganglia serotonin and serotonin-dopamine interactions gain attention, as imbalances are known to be involved in extrapyramidal movement and psychiatric disorders. We systematically reviewed the literature for human and animal studies relating to serotonin and its role in dystonia. An association between dystonia and the serotonergic system was reported with decreased levels of 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid, the main metabolite of serotonin. A relation between dystonia and drugs affecting the serotonergic system was described in 89 cases in 49 papers. Psychiatric co-morbidity was frequently described, but likely underestimated as it was not systematically examined. Currently, there are no good (pharmaco)therapeutic options for most forms of dystonia or associated non-motor symptoms. Further research using selective serotonergic drugs in appropriate models of dystonia is required to establish the role of the serotonergic system in dystonia and to guide us to new therapeutic strategies.