Evaluation of the electrochemical behavior and structural reversibility of Li3−xNaxV2(PO4)3/C (0≤x≤3) as anode materials for Na-ion batteries. Issue 9 (July 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Dong, Youren; Qian, Shangshu; Shao, Lianyi; Yu, Haoxiang; Yan, Lei; Li, Peng; Lin, Xiaoting; Long, Nengbing; Shui, Miao; Shu, Jie
• Is Part Of: Ceramics international. Volume 42:Issue 9(2016)
• Page Start: 10943
• Page End: 10950
• Publication Date: 2016-07
• Subjects: Li3−xNaxV2(PO4)3/C -- Solid state reaction -- Anode material -- Electrochemical performance -- Na-ion batteries; Ceramics -- Periodicals; Céramique industrielle -- Périodiques; Ceramics; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 666
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.03.229
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0272-8842

Abstract

Abstract: A series of Li3− x Na x V2 (PO4 )3 /C (0≤ x ≤3) materials are successfully prepared by a simple solid-state reaction method and used for the first time as anode materials for Na-ion batteries. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that the phase structures of Li3− x Na x V2 (PO4 )3 /C evolve along with the change of Li/Na atomic ratio (0≤x≤3). With increasing x in Li3− x Na x V2 (PO4 )3 /C from 0.0 to 3.0, the main phase in as-prepared sample transforms from monoclinic Li3 V2 (PO4 )3 to rhombohedral Li3 V2 (PO4 )3, and finally to rhombohedral Na3 V2 (PO4 )3, which results in different sodium storage behavior and performance between Li3− x Na x V2 (PO4 )3 /C (0≤ x ≤3) materials. Electrochemical results show that Li3− x Na x V2 (PO4 )3 /C ( x =0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0) can deliver the initial charge capacities of 21.1, 35.9, 33.8, 41.7, 43.3, 43.9 and 47.7 mAh g −1 at a current density of 10 mA g −1, respectively. After 45 cycles, the reversible capacities can be kept at 16.9, 45.1, 32.6, 44.6, 43.7, 37.8 and 27.3 mAh g −1 for Li3 V2 (PO4 )3 /C, Li2.5 Na0.5 V2 (PO4 )3 /C, Li2 NaV2 (PO4 )3 /C, Li1.5 Na1.5 V2 (PO4 )3 /C, LiNa2 V2 (PO4 )3 /C, Li0.5 Na2.5 V2 (PO4 )3 /C and Na3 V2 (PO4 )3 /C, respectively. Furthermore, the structural reversibility of Li3− x Na x V2 (PO4 )3 /C ( x =1.0, 2.0, and 3.0) is also observed by in-situ XRD observation during sodiation/de-sodiation process. All these observed evidences indicate that only some of Li3− x Na x V2 (PO4 )3 /C (0≤ x ≤3) can be used as possible sodium storage materials.