Energy-efficient building retrofits: An assessment of regulatory proposals under uncertainty. (15th April 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Rocha, Paula; Kaut, Michal; Siddiqui, Afzal S.
• Is Part Of: Energy. Volume 101(2016)
• Page Start: 278
• Page End: 287
• Publication Date: 2016-04-15
• Subjects: Long-term planning for buildings -- Energy efficiency in buildings -- Risk management of buildings -- Stochastic programming; Power resources -- Periodicals; Power (Mechanics) -- Periodicals; Energy consumption -- Periodicals; 333.7905
• DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.01.037
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0360-5442

Abstract

Abstract: Improving energy efficiency in European Union buildings will require retrofitting much of the existing stock due to limited new construction opportunities. Given uncertainty in energy prices and technology costs stemming from deregulation, a stochastic optimisation framework is desirable for long-term decision support. We synthesise treatment of uncertainty and risk management to obtain insights about the impact of retrofits on energy consumption, costs, CO2 emissions, and risk at real buildings in Austria and Spain. The optimal strategy for the Spanish site is to invest in photovoltaic and solar thermal technologies. This lowers expected costs by 8.5% and reduces expected primary energy consumption and CO2 emissions by 20% relative to using existing equipment. By limiting exposure to volatile energy prices, the strategy also yields a nearly 10% reduction in risk. We obtain similar results also for the Austrian site. Via this framework, tradeoffs among competing objectives and the effectiveness of proposed regulation may be assessed. Specifically, we find that more stringent restrictions on energy efficiency are economically viable if regulation also facilitates enhanced operational decision support for buildings. Indeed, primary energy consumption can be lowered only through more on-site generation such as combined heat and power, which is more complex for building managers to deploy. Highlights: We obtain insights about retrofits in public buildings via stochastic optimisation. Using data from EU buildings, we obtain strategies for reducing costs and emissions. Further reductions rely more on on-site generation, which require advanced BEMS.