Uptake of 8:2 perfluoroalkyl phosphate diester and its degradation products by carrot and lettuce from compost-amended soil. (June 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Bizkarguenaga, E.; Zabaleta, I.; Prieto, A.; Fernández, L.A.; Zuloaga, O.
• Is Part Of: Chemosphere. Volume 152(2016)
• Page Start: 309
• Page End: 317
• Publication Date: 2016-06
• Subjects: 8:2 diPAP -- PFOA -- Bioconcentration factor -- Crops -- Amended soil; Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Physiological effect -- Periodicals; Environmental sciences -- Periodicals; Atmospheric chemistry -- Periodicals; 551.511
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.130
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0045-6535

Abstract

Abstract: The present work studied the uptake of 8:2 perfluoroalkyl phosphate diester (diPAP) by two different crops (lettuce and carrot) and two different amended soils. Firstly, the possible degradation of 8:2 diPAP in the absence of crop was studied and 8:2 monoPAP (monophosphate), 8:2 FTCA (saturated fluorotelomer carboxylate), 8:2 FTUCA (unsaturated fluorotelomer carboxylate), 7:3 FTCA (saturated fluorotelomer carboxylate), PFHpA (perfluoroheptanoic acid), PFHxA (perfluorohexanoic acid) and PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid) were detected. In the presence of crops, different degradation products were detected in the soil and, while PFNA (perfluorononanoic acid), PFHpA, PFHxA, PFPeA (perfluoropentacoic acid), PFBA (perfluorobutanoic acid), 7:3 FTCA and PFOA were determined in the cultivation media when carrot was grown, PFOA was the only degradation product detected in the case of lettuce experiments. Regarding the uptake in carrot, all the degradation products except 7:3 FTCA were translocated from the soil to the carrot. Carrot core, peel and leaves bioconcentration factors, BCFs, were determined for 8:2 diPAP and its degradation products. Values lower than method detection limits for core and low BCFs in peel (0.025–0.042) and leaves (0.028–0.049) were achieved for 8:2 diPAP. Regarding to the degradation products, the higher their water solubility, the higher the plant translocation. In this sense, the lower the carbon chain length of PFCAs, the higher the BCFs determined (PFBA > PFHxA > PFHpA > PFOA > PFNA). In general, lower total BCFs were achieved when the total organic carbon of the soils increased. For lettuce experiments, 8:2 diPAP (0.04–0.18) and PFOA (0.28–1.57) were only determined in lettuce heart. Graphical abstract: Highlights: 8:2 diPAP was degraded in the presence and absence of crops (lettuce and carrot). PFOA was always the major metabolite both in the presence and absence of crops. Low accumulation in carrot and lettuce of 8:2 diPAP was observed. The higher the solubility of the metabolites, the higher the BCFs observed in carrot. PFOA was the only metabolite detected in lettuce uptake experiments.