Levels and profiles of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofurans in raw and treated water from water treatment plants in Shenzhen, China. (April 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Lu, Feina; Jiang, Yousheng; Wu, Dongting; Zhou, Jian; Li, Shengnong; Zhang, Jianqing
• Is Part Of: Environmental pollution. Volume 211(2016)
• Page Start: 233
• Page End: 240
• Publication Date: 2016-04
• Subjects: PCDD/Fs -- Drinking water -- Water treatment -- Pollution source; Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Environmental aspects -- Periodicals; Environmental Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Périodiques; Pollution -- Aspect de l'environnement -- Périodiques; Pollution -- Effets physiologiques -- Périodiques; Pollution; Pollution -- Environmental aspects; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 363.73
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.12.062
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0269-7491

Abstract

Abstract: Levels and profiles of polychlorinated dibenzo- p -dioxin and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were analyzed for the first time in raw and treated water from five water treatment plants in Shenzhen, South China. The average PCDD/Fs concentrations were 32.93 pg/L (0.057 pg international toxic equivalent quantity (I-TEQ)/L) and 0.64 pg/L (0.021 pg I-TEQ/L) in raw and treated water, respectively. The removal rate of PCDD/Fs in terms of mass concentration varied from 93.4% to 98.8%, whereas a negative removal rate was observed in one plant in terms of TEQ concentration. The PCDD/Fs concentration in raw water was lower than most of the published data from other countries and regions, and the PCDD/Fs concentration in treated water was below the Maximum Contaminants Level (MCL) of 30 pg/L for dioxin in drinking water set by the US EPA. Historical pentachlorophenol usage, local waste incineration and industrial emissions, as well as surface runoff or even soil erosion, might be the main sources for PCDD/F pollution in water. The daily intake of PCDD/Fs for local residents from drinking water was estimated to be 0.69 fg I-TEQ/kg/day, which is negligible compared with that from food consumption (1.23 pg WHO-TEQ/kg/day) in the local area. Highlights: Levels of PCDD/Fs were analyzed for the first time in water in Shenzhen, China. The PCDD/Fs concentration in raw water was lower than the published data. The average removal rate of PCDD/Fs was 97% by conventional water treatment. Historical PCP usage, MWI and industrial emission may be the main sources in water. The EDI of PCDD/Fs from drinking water is 0.70 fg WHO-TEQ/kg/day. Abstract : Levels and profiles of polychlorinated dibenzo- p -dioxin and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were analyzed for the first time in raw and treated water in Shenzhen, South China.