Cardiovascular and other causes of death as a function of lifestyle habits in a quasi extinct middle-aged male population. A 50-year follow-up study. (1st May 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Menotti, Alessandro; Puddu, Paolo Emilio; Maiani, Giuseppe; Catasta, Giovina
• Is Part Of: International journal of cardiology. Volume 210(2016)
• Page Start: 173
• Page End: 178
• Publication Date: 2016-05-01
• Subjects: Lifetime mortality -- Lifestyle -- Cardiovascular diseases -- Cancers -- All-cause deaths -- 50-Year follow-up; Cardiology -- Periodicals; Electronic journals; 616.12
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.02.115
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0167-5273

Abstract

Abstract: Objectives: To relate major causes of death with lifestyle habits in an almost extinct male middle-aged population. Material and methods: A 40–59 aged male population of 1712 subjects was examined and followed-up for 50 years. Baseline smoking habits, working physical activity and dietary habits were related to 50 years mortality subdivided into 12 simple and 3 composite causes of death by Cox proportional hazard models. Duration of survival was related to the same characteristics by a multiple linear regression model. Results: Death rate in 50 years was of 97.5%. Out of 12 simple groups of causes of death, 6 were related to smoking habits, 3 to physical activity and 4 to dietary habits. Among composite groups of causes of death, hazard ratios (and their 95% confidence limits) of never smokers versus smokers were 0.68 (0.57–0.81) for major cardiovascular diseases; 0.65 (0.52–0.81) for all cancers; and 0.72 (0.64–0.81) for all-cause deaths. Hazard ratios of vigorous physical activity at work versus sedentary physical activity were 0.63 (0.49–0.80) for major cardiovascular diseases; 1.01 (0.72–1.41) for all cancers; and 0.76 (0.64–0.90) for all-cause deaths. Hazard ratios of Mediterranean Diet versus non-Mediterranean Diet were 0.68 (0.54–0.86) for major cardiovascular diseases; 0.54 (0.40–0.73) for all cancers; and 0.67 (0.57–0.78) for all-cause deaths. Expectancy of life was 12 years longer for men with the 3 best behaviors than for those with the 3 worst behaviors. Conclusions: Some lifestyle habits are strongly related to lifetime mortality.