The pulling power of chocolate: Effects of approach–avoidance training on approach bias and consumption. (1st April 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Dickson, Hugh; Kavanagh, David J.; MacLeod, Colin
• Is Part Of: Appetite. Volume 99(2016)
• Page Start: 46
• Page End: 51
• Publication Date: 2016-04-01
• Subjects: Approach avoidance -- Approach bias -- Response training -- Chocolate; Food habits -- Periodicals; Appetite -- Periodicals; Appetite disorders -- Periodicals; Electronic journals; 306.4613
• DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.12.026
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0195-6663

Abstract

Abstract: Previous research has shown that action tendencies to approach alcohol may be modified using computerized Approach–Avoidance Task (AAT), and that this impacted on subsequent consumption. A recent paper in this journal (Becker, Jostman, Wiers, & Holland, 2015) failed to show significant training effects for food in three studies: Nor did it find effects on subsequent consumption. However, avoidance training to high calorie foods was tested against a control rather than Approach training. The present study used a more comparable paradigm to the alcohol studies. It randomly assigned 90 participants to 'approach' or 'avoid' chocolate images on the AAT, and then asked them to taste and rate chocolates. A significant interaction of condition and time showed that training to avoid chocolate resulted in faster avoidance responses to chocolate images, compared with training to approach it. Consistent with Becker et al.'s Study 3, no effect was found on amounts of chocolate consumed, although a newly published study in this journal (Schumacher, Kemps, & Tiggemann, 2016) did do so. The collective evidence does not as yet provide solid basis for the application of AAT training to reduction of problematic food consumption, although clinical trials have yet to be conducted. Highlights: Inclusion of both approach and avoidance training does alter action tendencies to chocolate. There was no effect on chocolate consumption in a later taste test. Proof of concept is not yet established for approach avoidance training as an intervention.