Mental simulation and experience as determinants of performance expectancies in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorder. (30th March 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Huddy, Vyv; Drake, Gareth; Wykes, Til
• Is Part Of: Psychiatry research. Volume 237(2016)
• Page Start: 97
• Page End: 102
• Publication Date: 2016-03-30
• Subjects: Psychosis -- Functioning -- Negative symptoms -- Episodic future thought -- Mental time travel -- Heuristics; Psychiatry -- Periodicals; Psychiatry -- periodicals; Psychiatrie -- Périodiques; 616.89
• DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.01.072
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0165-1781

Abstract

Abstract: People with schizophrenia demonstrate both impairment in mental time travel and reduced expectancies of performance on future tasks. We aimed to reconcile these findings within theKahneman and Tversky (1982) simulation heuristic framework by testing a key prediction that impaired future simulation would be associated with reduced performance expectancies in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SZSPEC). A total of 54 individuals (30 people with SZSPEC and 24 healthy controls) generated mental simulations of everyday scenarios; after each response they rated performance expectations, distress and the similarity of the scenario to experience. Independent raters coded the coherence of responses. We found that people with SZSPEC had, compared to healthy controls, lower performance expectations and greater anticipated distress when imaging everyday scenarios. Lower performance expectancies were associated with lower experience of similar scenarios, greater negative symptoms and social withdrawal in the SZSPEC group. The current study confirmed previous findings of both impaired mental simulation and abnormal performance expectations in people with SZSPEC, together with the association of the latter with negative symptoms. Experience with social or occupational activities plays a more important role in determining performance expectancies in people with SS than the ability to mentally simulate scenarios. Highlights: Reduced mental simulation ability and expectancies were found in schizophrenia. Experience with tasks – not simulation ability - was associated with expectancies. Interventions should target problem solving and activation rather than beliefs.