Iron and a mixture of DHA and EPA supplementation, alone and in combination, affect bioactive lipid signalling and morbidity of iron deficient South African school children in a two-by-two randomised controlled trial. (February 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Malan, L.; Baumgartner, J.; Zandberg, L.; Calder, P.C.; Smuts, C.M.
• Is Part Of: Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids. Volume 105(2016:Feb.)
• Page Start: 15
• Page End: 25
• Publication Date: 2016-02
• Subjects: ALOX-15 arachidonate lipoxygenase-15 -- COX-2 cyclooxygenase-2 -- DHA docosahexaenoic acid -- DMT1 divalent metal transporter -- EPA eicosapentaenoic acid -- GPx-4 glutathione peroxidase-4 -- HDHA hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid -- HEPE hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid -- HETE hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid -- LCPUFA long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids -- MT1E metallothionein 1E -- NRAMP2 natural resistance to infection with intracellular pathogens -- PBMC peripheral blood mononuclear cell -- PG prostaglandin -- PGC-1α transcriptional co-activator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1 α -- PLA2G4A cytosolic phospholipase 2 group IVA -- PTGS2 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 -- SLC11A2 IRE+ solute carrier family 11A2 with iron response element -- SLC11A2 IRE− solute carrier family 11A2 without iron response element -- SOD2 superoxide dismutase 2; Omega-3 fatty acids -- Lipid-derived immune modulators -- Gene expression -- Inflammation -- Oxidative stress -- Morbidity; Lipids -- Periodicals; Unsaturated fatty acids -- Periodicals; Prostaglandins -- Periodicals; Leukotrienes -- Periodicals; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated -- Periodicals; Acides gras insaturés -- Périodiques; Prostaglandines -- Périodiques; Leucotriènes -- Périodiques; Lipides -- Périodiques; 612.01577
• DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2015.12.005
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0952-3278

Abstract

Abstract: We recently reported that iron supplementation increased respiratory morbidity in iron deficient South African children. This increase, however, was attenuated when iron was provided in combination with a mixture of DHA/EPA. To explore potential underlying mechanisms, we examined the effects of iron and DHA/EPA, alone and in combination, on plasma lipid-derived immune modulator concentrations and related gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). DHA/EPA decreased inflammatory 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and tended to increase anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving 17-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (17-HDHA), while iron decreased 17-HDHA. However, in combination with iron, the anti-inflammatory effect of DHA/EPA was maintained. These biochemical changes may explain the prevention of iron-induced respiratory morbidity that we observed when iron was supplemented in combination with DHA/EPA during the 8.5 month randomised controlled trial and might lead to a safer approach of delivering iron supplementation. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01092377.