Association Between BMP-2 and Carcinogenicity. Issue 23 (December 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Skovrlj, Branko; Koehler, Steven M.; Anderson, Paul A.; Qureshi, Sheeraz A.; Hecht, Andrew C.; Iatridis, James C.; Cho, Samuel K.
• Is Part Of: Spine. Volume 40:Issue 23(2015)
• Publication Date: 2015-12
• Subjects: bone morphogenetic protein -- carcinogenicity -- fusion -- InFuse® -- malignancy -- rhBMP-2 -- Spine surgery; Spine -- Abnormalities -- Periodicals; Spine -- Diseases -- Periodicals; Spine -- Surgery -- Periodicals; 616.73005
• DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000001126
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0362-2436

Abstract

Abstract : Study Design: Literature review. Objective: To evaluate the association between recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) and malignancy. Summary of Background Data: The use of rhBMP-2 in spine surgery has been the topic of much debate as studies assessing the association between rhBMP-2 and malignancy have come to conflicting conclusions. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed using the PubMed-National Library of Medicine/National Institute of Health databases. Only non-clinical studies directly addressing BMP-2 and cancer were included. Articles were categorized by study type (animal, in vitro cell line/human/animal), primary malignancy, cancer attributes, and whether BMP-2 was pro-malignancy or not. Results: A total of 4, 131 articles were reviewed. Of those, 515 articles made reference to both BMP-2 and cancer, 99 of which were found to directly examine the role of BMP-2 in cancer. Seventy-five studies were in vitro and 24 were animal studies. Forty-three studies concluded that BMP-2 enhanced cancer function, whereas 18 studies found that BMP-2 suppressed malignancy. Thirty-six studies did not examine whether BMP-2 enhanced or suppressed cancer function. Fifteen studies demonstrated BMP-2 dose dependence (9 enhancement, 6 suppression) and one study demonstrated no dose dependence. Nine studies demonstrated BMP-2 time dependence (6 enhancement, 3 suppression). However, no study demonstrated that BMP-2 caused cancer de novo . Conclusion: Currently, conflicting data exist with regard to the effect of exogenous BMP-2 on cancer. The majority of studies addressed the role of BMP-2 in prostate (17%), breast (17%), and lung (15%) cancers. Most were in vitro studies (75%) and examined cancer invasiveness and metastatic potential (37%). Of 99 studies, there was no demonstration of BMP-2 causing cancer de novo . However, 43% of studies suggested that BMP-2 enhances tumor function, motivating more definitive research on the topic that also includes clinically meaningful dose- and time-dependence. Level of Evidence: 2