Anti-inflammatory sesquiterpenes from Costus speciosus rhizomes. (24th December 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Al-Attas, Ahmed A.M.; El-Shaer, Nagwa S.; Mohamed, Gamal A.; Ibrahim, Sabrin R.M.; Esmat, Ahmed
• Is Part Of: Journal of ethnopharmacology. Volume 176(2015)
• Page Start: 365
• Page End: 374
• Publication Date: 2015-12-24
• Subjects: ANOVA analysis of variance -- COX-2 cyclooxygenase-2 -- CNS central nervous system -- COSY Correlation Spectroscopy -- DMEM Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium -- EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetate -- FBS fetal bovine serum -- HMBC heteronuclear multiple bond correlation -- HRESIMS high resolution electron spray ionization mass spectroscopy -- HRMS high resolution mass -- HSQC heteronuclear single quantum coherence -- iNOS inducible nitric oxide synthase -- LPS-activated RAW 264.7 lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 -- IL-1β interleukin-1β -- IL-6 interleukin-6 -- IL-10 interleukin 10 -- IR Infra-red -- MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinases -- NF-κB nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells -- NMR nuclear magnetic resonance -- NO nitric oxide -- PBMCs peripheral blood mononuclear cells -- PGE2 prostaglandin E2 -- PHA phytohemagglutinin -- PKC protein kinase C -- S.D. standard deviation -- TGF-β transforming growth factor beta -- TLC thin layer chromatography -- TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-α -- UV ultraviolet; Costus speciosus -- Costaceae -- Sesquiterpenes -- Eudesmane acid -- Anti-inflammatory activity; Ethnopharmacology -- Periodicals; Pharmacognosy -- Periodicals; Herbs -- Periodicals; Herbs -- Periodicals; Pharmacognosy -- Periodicals; Pharmacognosie -- Périodiques; Herbes -- Périodiques; 615.1
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.11.026
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0378-8741

Abstract

Abstract: Ethnopharmacological relevance: Costus speciosus (Koen ex. Retz.) Sm. (crepe ginger, family Costaceae) is an ornamental plant used in traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammation, rheumatism, bronchitis, fever, headache, asthma, flatulence, constipation, helminthiasis, leprosy, skin diseases, hiccough, anemia, as well as burning sensation on urination. Aim of the study: The present study is designed to isolate and identify the active compounds from C. speciosus rhizomes and measure their anti-inflammatory activities. Materials and methods: The n -hexane–CHCl3 soluble fraction of the MeOH extract of C. speciosus rhizomes has been subjected to a repeated column chromatography, including normal silica gel and RP-18 column to give eight compounds. The structures of these compounds were established by UV, IR, 1D ( 1 H and 13 C), and 2D ( 1 H– 1 H COSY, NOESY, HSQC, and HMBC) NMR experiments and HRESIMS data. In addition, the anti-inflammatory activity of compounds1 –8 was evaluated by measuring the levels IL-6, IL-1 β, TNF- α, COX-2, lipoxgenase-5, and PGE2 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The n -hexane–CHCl3 soluble fraction afforded a new eudesmane acid, specioic acid (8 ), along with seven known compounds, 22, 23-dihydrospinasterone (1 ), dehydrodihydrocostus lactone (mokko lactone) (2 ), dehydrocostus lactone (3 ), stigmasterol (4 ), arbusculin A (5 ), santamarine (douglanin) (6 ), and reynosin (7 ). Compounds1, 4, and5 –7 were isolated for the first time C. speciosus . Compounds1 –4 displayed potent anti-inflammatory activity, while7 and8 showed moderate activity. Compounds1 –8 exhibited a concentration-related decrease in the levels of IL-1 β, IL-6, TNF- α, PGE2, lipoxgenase-5, and COX-2. Compounds5 and6 did not significantly decrease levels of different cytokines, PGE2, lipoxgenase-5, and COX-2 from PHA treatment at 1 µM. However, all tested compounds significantly decreased cytokines, PGE2, lipoxgenase-5, and COX-2 levels at concentration 100 µM. It is noteworthy that compounds1 –4 had the highest activity, where it lowered levels of cytokines, PGE2, lipoxgenase-5, and COX-2 to the extent that was no statistical difference from the control group. Thus, they decreased proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1 β, IL-6, and TNF- α ) with decreased level of the target enzymes (COX-2 and lipoxgenase-5) and subsequent reduction of its inflammatory product (PGE2 ). Conclusion: Good anti-inflammatory activities exhibited of the isolated compounds from C. speciosus corroborate the usefulness of this plant in the traditional treatment of inflammation and related symptoms. Graphical abstract: