Carbon Emissions Pinch Analysis for emissions reductions in the New Zealand transport sector through to 2050. (1st December 2015) - Walmsley, Michael R.W.
Abstract: The CEPA (Carbon Emissions Pinch Analysis) method for energy planning has been modified for improved application to large transport systems. The modified method is applied to investigate the feasibility of NZ (New Zealand) reaching a 1990 emission levels for transport by 2050. The transportation sector has been traditionally a difficult area to transition to high levels of renewable energy because of the strong dependency on fossil fuels. For New Zealand, possible steps for low carbon emissions from transport are: (1) electrification of all rail, (2) wide-spread adoption of energy efficient vehicle technologies, (3) partial electrification of light passenger vehicles through plug-in hybrid and electric vehicle technologies, and (4), introduction of liquid fuels from biomass as an alternative to liquid fuels from petroleum. Highlights: A modified Carbon Emissions Pinch Analysis is developed for transport energy planning. The method is demonstrated by a case study of the New Zealand transport system. Key strategies for reducing transport emissions in 2050–1990 levels are identified. Uptake of 40% hybrid engine in light vehicles can reduce 2050 fuel demand by 77 PJ. The minimum biofuel supply in 2050 to achieve the goal of 1990 emissions is 46 PJ.