Synthesis of high oleic palm oil-based trimethylolpropane esters in a vacuum operated pulsed loop reactor. (15th February 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Hamid, Hamidah Abd; Yunus, Robiah; Rashid, Umer; Choong, Thomas S.Y.; Ali, Salmiaton; Syam, Azhari Muhammad
• Is Part Of: Fuel. Volume 166(2016)
• Page Start: 560
• Page End: 566
• Publication Date: 2016-02-15
• Subjects: Biolubricant -- Trimethylolpropane ester -- Pulsed loop reactor -- Methyl ester; Fuel -- Periodicals; Coal -- Periodicals; Coal; Fuel; Periodicals; 662.6
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2015.11.022
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0016-2361

Abstract

Highlights: Trimethylolpropane ester was produced via vacuum assisted pulsed loop reactor. High yield of trimethylolpropane triesters was obtained at low catalyst loading and lower mixing intensity. Loop reactor had minimized the issue of soap formation. Lubricating properties of high oleic palm oil-based TMP ester were excellent. Abstract: The experimental studies have shown that a pulsed loop reactor can be used to successfully reduce the reaction time for the transesterification of oils and fats. In the present study, the transesterification of palm methyl ester (PME) and trimethylolpropane (TMP) to produce palm oil based TMP ester was conducted using the vacuum operated pulsed loop reactor. The reaction was catalyzed with sodium methoxide solution in methanol. The influences of five operating variables such as vacuum pressure, catalyst loading, molar ratio of high oleic PME to TMP, reaction temperature and oscillatory speed on the yield of TMP esters and unwanted fatty soap formation were examined. The optimum conditions for the reaction were found at 120 °C, 20 mbar, 3.9:1 M ratio of PME:TMP, 1.0 wt% catalyst solution and 180 rpm oscillatory speed. The product containing 95 wt% TMP triester was successfully synthesized in 1 h with 167 mg/g of fatty soap. The physicochemical properties of the TMP esters obtained using pulse reactor were comparable to characteristics of high oleic TMP esters.