Joint effects of pesticides and ultraviolet-B radiation on amphibian larvae. (December 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Yu, Shuangying; Wages, Mike; Willming, Morgan; Cobb, George P.; Maul, Jonathan D.
• Is Part Of: Environmental pollution. Volume 207(2015)
• Page Start: 248
• Page End: 255
• Publication Date: 2015-12
• Subjects: Xenopus laevis -- Insecticide -- Fungicide -- Interaction -- Global climate change; Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Environmental aspects -- Periodicals; Environmental Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Périodiques; Pollution -- Aspect de l'environnement -- Périodiques; Pollution -- Effets physiologiques -- Périodiques; Pollution; Pollution -- Environmental aspects; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 363.73
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.09.029
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0269-7491

Abstract

Abstract: A combination of multiple stressors may be linked to global amphibian declines. Of these, pesticides and UVB radiation co-exposures were examined on the African clawed frog ( Xenopus laevis ) to provide information that may be useful for amphibian conservation. The independent action model and inferential statistics were used to examine interactions between pesticides (malathion, endosulfan, α-cypermethrin, or chlorothalonil) and environmentally relevant UVB exposures. UVB radiation alone caused 35–68% mortality and nearly 100% of malformations. Pesticides and UVB had additive effects on larval mortality; however, several non-additive effects (antagonistic and synergistic interactions) were observed for total body length. Insecticides mainly affected axial development, whereas UVB radiation caused high incidence of edema, gut malformations, and abnormal tail tips. These results suggest that sublethal developmental endpoints were more sensitive for detecting joint effects. This work has implications for amphibian risk assessments for ecosystems where pesticides and high UVB radiation may co-occur. Highlights: Interactive effects of UVB radiation-pesticide co-exposures were examined in frogs. UVB radiation alone caused 35–68% mortality and nearly 100% of malformations. Pesticides and UVB had additive effects on larval mortality. Several non-additive effects were observed for total body length. Amphibian risk assessments should consider UVB radiation exposure as a co-stressor. Abstract : Possible interactions between pesticides and UVB radiation support the idea that amphibian risk assessments should consider these co-stressors when high UVB radiation exposure is high.