Abs. Issue 1 (November 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kunts, T.; Karpukhina, K.; Mikhailova, E.; Varaksin, N.; Autenshlyus, A.
• Is Part Of: EJC supplements. Volume 13:Issue 1(2015)
• Page Start: 30
• Publication Date: 2015-11
• Subjects: Cytokine-producing capacity -- Breast -- Invasive ductal carcinoma -- Fibroadenoma; Cancer -- Periodicals; Tumors -- Periodicals; Neoplasms -- Periodicals; Cancer; Tumors; Periodicals; Electronic journals; Electronic journals; 616.994
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcsup.2015.08.053
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1359-6349

Abstract

Abstract : Growing tumor and its microenvironment are capable to produce a number of cytokines that alter the nature of the antitumor surveillance by host immune system. Objective: Comparative evaluation of cytokine-producing function of the invasive ductal carcinoma and fibroadenoma of the breast in vitro. Materials and methods: Similar biopsies ( V = 8 mm 3 ) of the breast tumors were obtained using a special device, cultivated in DMEM F-12 at 37 °C for 72 h. Concentrations of the following cytokines: IL-1 β, IL-1Ra, TNF α, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IL-18, VEGF and IFN γ in the supernatant of the tumor were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The investigation of cytokines level in the supernatant of malignant and benign breast tumors revealed significant differences only in concentrations of IL-10, IL-17, IL-18 and IFN γ which had a contrary tendency. For example, the concentration of IL-10 was lower at invasive ductal carcinoma in comparison with fibroadenomas. The concentrations of IL-17, IL-18 and IFN γ at invasive ductal carcinoma were significantly higher than those of breast fibroadenomas. IL-17 and IL-18 are known to be pro-oncogenic cytokines, and the higher the level, the higher the severity of tumor progression. Reduction in the IL-10 concentration might be explained by the already formed neoplasm, which depends on angiogenesis. In this case, IL-10 no longer exerts antiangiogenic action, which contributes to tumor progression. Reduction in the IL-10 concentration, which inhibits the production of IFN γ leads to an increase in the IFN γ level. In early stages of tumor development, IFN γ provides an antitumor effect and at the same time facilitates the selection of a more malignant clones but its pro-tumoral action predominates at advanced stages of tumorigenesis. Moreover, higher concentration of IFN γ is supposed to be associated with biological effects of IL-18, which is its immediate inductor. In addition, malignant tumor cells are capable to produce their own IL-18, which stimulates tumor progression and facilitates the migration of endothelial cells involved in angiogenesis, which leads to intensified invasion and metastasis. Conclusion: Cytokine production in supernatants of invasive ductal carcinoma compared with fibroadenoma of the breast is characterized by increase in IL-17, IL-18 and IFN γ concentrations and decrease in IL-10 concentration. Findings suggest the ability of malignant tumor and its microenvironment to secrete the pro-oncogenic cytokines. Fibroadenoma is also able to produce cytokines due to fibroblasts, fibrocytes and some leukocytes in its content.